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EN
The presented study aims to present the latest trends in contemporary archival historiography. The emphasis is placed on presenting the change in how archival history is perceived that has taken place over the last two to three decades. At the same time, the study introduces the most frequent topics that contemporary European archival historiography deals with. It is possible to mention here both an interest defined institutionally and chronologically (the development of the archive or archives in a certain period), as well as one that is governed by subject criteria (relocated archives, destroyed archives, archives in the service of totalitarian regimes). All these tendencies lead to a significantly broader contextualisation of the insight into the history of archival science. The conclusion of the study is a brief presentation of the current state of Czech research and its (un)openness to the foreign trends presented above.
EN
The article first presents the basic archival terminology, in particular “fond” and briefly explains characteristic features of chancery practices such as a self-contained document, a book of inscriptions, case files. The Church always paid a great attention to collecting and storing official documents created in connection with the implementation of evangelization and salvatory mission in the world. The collection of these documents grew bigger and larger as the literary culture became more common and the habit of documenting every activity in writing spread, which on a large scale occurred only in the Middle Ages. This is how the church archives were created, initially as repositories of documents. Archives in the modern sense, that is, academic institutions which collect documents relevant to understanding and study of the past appeared in the Polish land only at the end of the 18th century. Most of the Polish dioceses organized their archives in the interwar period and monasteries only after the Second World War. The Centre (Institute since 2006) for the Church Archives Libraries and Museums (established in 1956) together with the coorganizer of the Centre, the Rev. prof. dr hab. Stanisław Librowski, played an important role in the development of church archives in Poland.
EN
The purpose of the article is to provide a detailed description of Stężyca court of justice for nobility registers from the years 1564-1792. In the 19th century they were moved to Warsaw, where in 1944 they burned down during the fire at the Central Archive of Historical Records (AGAD). In this aspect, the article is a contribution to expanding the knowledge of AGAD’s archival losses during the Second World War. Despite complete destruction of Stężyca court of justice for nobility registers, intermediate sources have survived, providing an insight into their historical stock. Their inventory, prepared in 1792 and published in an appendix to this article, is of great value for studying the Stężyca court of justice for nobility registers.
PL
Celem artykułu jest szczegółowe opisanie ksiąg grodzkich stężyckich z lat 1564–1792. W XIX stuleciu zostały przeniesione do Warszawy, gdzie później spaliły się w 1944 r. podczas pożaru Archiwum Głównego Akt Dawnych. W tym aspekcie artykuł jest przyczynkiem do poszerzenia wiedzy o stratach archiwalnych AGAD podczas II wojny światowej. Mimo całkowitego zniszczenia ksiąg grodzkich stężyckich, zachowały się źródła pośrednie, umożliwiające wgląd w ich historyczny zasób. Wielką wartość dla poznania ksiąg stężyckich ma ich spis z 1792 r. znajdujący się na końcu niniejszego artykułu.
EN
The study intends to build on the one hand on the methodology of historical science and on the other hand archival science, namely in the specific area of the so-called archival appraisal of records, or historical sources. After we focus in the first step on the recently deceased Canadian archival thinker and theoretician Terry Cook (1947–2014) and the theory he elaborated of the appraisal/selection of records called the macroappraisal theory, the author will in the second part systematize several levels on which the future potential importance of the historical sources will be constituted and from which it is also possible to interpret. The study concludes with the author’s proposed conception of the so-called “archival hermeneutic circle” as one of the outcomes of reflections on the relationship between historical and archival science.
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EN
Records classified under the regime of security classification at its very origins represent an important part of future historical resource materials. Their information contents and evidential value in terms of quality are in many cases over and above the standard even for the historical science. For this reason, the historical science should pursue most diligently the fortunes of records under the regime of classification, including currently emerging documents. The phenomenon of classified records and access to them is, however, crucially relevant for the civic society and, in general, for the maintenance of fundamental democratic orders. In the Czech Republic there has not practically been held any discussion about the institution of classified documents. How do the secret services, for example, handle their records? Are they destroyed willfully? Are these records kept classified for a long time and unnecessarily? The Czech legal system does not exert any real pressure to have the materials, which were once classified, released. Does this state of affairs represent a potential threat to a democratic and free society? The following study will focus on the subject matter of the institution of records security classification and their declassification in some countries with developed democratic orders and advanced archival systems, in particular in the USA and United Kingdom, and to some extent in France and Germany also, while simultaneously addressing the historical development of this institution in the second half of the 20th century. It will also pay attention to some frapant and well documented examples of unauthorised destruction of classfied records.
EN
Antonín Verbík (1934–1986), an archivist and historian, whose death came prematurely, had received an outstanding secondary and tertiary education. He worked for sixteen years in six archival institutions in Czechoslovakia and became director of three of them. The subsequent fifteen years he worked as an expert and independent researcher of the most recent Czechoslovak history at the Institute of History. His life and work were limited to a great extent by the times he lived in.
EN
Archival Science is currently the most important archive journal, published in English since 2001. The aim of this article is to analyse articles published in that journal in the years 2011–2020. Four types of issues were analysed: the authors’ affiliations, geographical characteristics of articles, research methods and the subject of the published texts. As a result, it was noted that authors of articles come mostly from English-speaking countries (which confirms the trend from the years 2001–2010, studied by Eric Ketelaar in 2010) and when the subject of an article focuses on a specific geographical area, it concerns English-speaking countries as well. It was observed that many research articles do not present specific research methods and those that do mention not only traditional methods, such as archival research and a literature review, but also methods characteristic of social sciences (e.g. an interview, observation, survey). Ten most popular subjects described in the analysed texts include: digital issues, the underprivileged, state archives and documentation, the history of archives, human rights, decolonisation, ethics, preparing archival materials, social archives, the profession of an archivist and documentation manager.
PL
„Archival Science” to najważniejsze obecnie czasopismo archiwistyczne, publikowane w języku angielskim od 2001 r. Celem artykułu jest analiza treści tekstów opublikowanych na jego łamach w latach 2011–2020. Analizie poddano cztery grupy zagadnień: afiliacje autorów, geograficzną charakterystykę artykułów, stosowane metody badawcze oraz tematykę publikowanych tekstów. W efekcie badań zauważono, iż autorzy artykułów pochodzą głównie z kręgu krajów anglosaskich (co potwierdza stan dla lat 2001–2010, poddany badaniu przez Erica Ketelaara w 2010 r.), a tematyka artykułów, o ile koncentruje się na jakimś obszarze geograficznym, powiela tę samą koncentrację na obszarach kręgu anglosaskiego. Zaobserwowano, że znaczna część publikacji naukowych nie przedstawia konkretnych metod badawczych, natomiast te, które to robią, wskazują zarówno na tradycyjne metody, takie jak badania archiwalne i analiza literatury, jak również na metody charakterystyczne dla nauk społecznych (np. wywiad, obserwacja, ankieta). Dziesięć najpopularniejszych tematów opisywanych w analizowanych tekstach to: zagadnienia cyfrowe, the underprivileged, państwowe archiwa i dokumentacja, historia archiwów, prawa człowieka, dekolonizacja, etyka, opracowanie archiwaliów, archiwa społeczne, zawód archiwisty i zarządcy dokumentacją.
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