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EN
This paper focuses on the meaning of the National Synod of Dordrecht (1618-1619) for the history of Calvinism in the Netherlands. The author broadly presents its historical and theological backgrounds and examines the factors that caused this Ecclesiastical Gathering. The National Synod in Dordrecht was held in order to settle a serious controversy in the Dutch churches initiated by the rise of Arminianism. The Arminians (Remonstrants) taught election on the basis of foreseen faith, a universal atonement, resistible grace, and the possibility of lapse from grace. The Synod concluded with a rejection of these views, and set forth the Reformed doctrine on each point, namely: total depravity, unconditional election, limited atonement, irresistible grace, and the perseverance of the saints. One more result of the synod’s work was the decision to authorize a new translation of the Bible from the original languages. The new Dutch translation was first published in 1637 and it became known as State Translation (Statenvertaling). It has had an enormous influence in the formation of the Dutch language and the church unity. The National Synod of Dordrecht was absolutely a high point in the early history of the Reformed Church and with it, the Calvinism orthodoxy has been finally established.
Rocznik Teologiczny
|
2014
|
vol. 56
|
issue 2
169-182
PL
Kalwinizm, dominujący nurt teologii reformowanej, jest głównym źródłem współczesnej teologii ewangelikalnej. Od synodu w Dortrechcie (Holandia) w 1619 r. przedstawiany bywa za pomocą twierdzeń, określanych jako „pięć punktów kalwinizmu” i prezentowany za pomocą akronimu TULIP (od pierwszych liter owych twierdzeń w języku angielskim). Autor niniejszego artykułu prezentuje obecność w polskiej literaturze ewangelikalnej po 1989 r. dwóch pojęć: limited atonement – ograniczone pojednanie oraz irresistible grace (effectual calling) – nieodparta łaska (skuteczne powołanie). Obie tezy są dyskutowane w publikacjach polskich autorów ewangelikalnych (baptyści, wolni chrześcijanie, zielonoświątkowcy). Dogmatyki autorów zachodnich (Ch. C. Ryrie, B. Milne, T.C. Hammond) wydawane przez polskie środowisko ewangelikalne także zawierają omówienie obu punktów. Analiza tekstów prowadzi do wniosku, iż poza wąską grupą autorów z Ewangelicznych Kościołów Reformowanych większość polskich ewangelikalistów jest sceptyczna wobec akceptacji obu doktryn, a zwłaszcza tezy o ograniczonym pojednaniu.
EN
Calvinism, a dominant trend in the reformed theology, is a main source of modern evangelical theology. Since synod in Dordrecht (Netherlands) in 1619 it is presented through thesis, called “five points of Calvinism” and is presented using acronym TULIP (from first letters of the thesis in English). Author of the article is describing the presence of two of the terms in Polish evangelical literature after 1989: limited atonement and irresistible grace (effectual calling). Both thesis are disputed in publications of Polish evangelicals (Baptists, Brethren, Pentecostals). Dogmatics of Western authors (Ch. C. Ryrie, B. Milne, T.C. Hammond), published by Polish evangelical circle, have included description of both terms, also. Texts analysis is leading to the conclusion, that except narrow group of authors from Evangelical Reformed Chrurches, majority of Polish evangelicals is skeptical to accept both doctrines, especially the thesis of limited atonement.
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