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EN
The bill provides for the replacement of the current Act on Arms and Ammunition with a new statute containing, inter alia, more detailed definitions of types of weapons, changes regarding the system of issuing weapon permits and new rules on the location of shooting ranges. The author has reservations about the constitutionality of the proposed use, in the criminal provisions, of references to entire chapters of the bill, which may make it impossible to clearly define what behaviour will constitute a criminal offence.
EN
The study addresses the question of illicit weapons proliferation and many diverse control measures undertaken to counteract it in Nigeria. It further explores the reasons why Nigeria has become an appealing target for illicit weapons in the West African sub-region. Given the ease of in-flows and out-flows of illicit arms within the borders of the Nigerian State, this study contends that Nigeria’s firearms law is outdated and insufficient, especially as seen from the perspective of the Protocol to the arms trade agreement that is in force, and even in the light of the dynamics of security issues in the 21st century. The study demonstrates that the growing proliferation of illicit weapons in Nigeria has had economic, humanitarian and socio-political consequences. Therefore, it concludes that all the regional containment measures, from ECOWAS to weapons trading agreements, have not decreased the proliferation of illicit arms in Nigeria and that the Nigeria’s Firearms Act is outdated and unsuitable for the security needs of the Nigerian state, notwithstanding the problems faced by the security dynamics of the 21st century.
PL
Artykuł stanowi drugą część przeglądu uzbrojenia armii państw muzułmańskich – jest kontynuacją artykułu z tomu 16 „Przeglądu Geopolitycznego” (s. 59-76). Jego celem jest zestawienie materiału faktograficznego niezbędnego z punktu widzenia analiz potęgometrycznych i geostrategicznych. Dane dotyczące uzbrojenia armii uzupełniono szczegółowymi informacjami o przemyśle zbrojeniowym państw muzułmańskich oraz ich powiązaniach i współpracy wzajemnej jak i z innymi podmiotami.
EN
This is the second part of a review of equipment in hands of Muslim states armies. It includes the Muslim states of the Middle East, Turkestan and Southern Asia, as well as the Muslim states of the Balkans. This review should serve for future powernomics ratings and for creation of geopolitical scenarios. The information and data concerning Muslim states armies which are included in the paper, were supplemented by verified data on armament industries in these countries. In conclusion, after presentation of contemporary state of the military affairs the possible future scenarios and the future probable geopolitical interactions have been suggested. They were presented on both the civilizational level and the regional one.
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Uzbrojenie Królów Polski

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EN
The article attempts at presenting personal armaments of the Polish kings. The topic is a difficult one as the arms were not always signed, and the inventory of royal weapons were of a very general character. There is no doubt that Polish rulers had their own armaments. Most information concerns the armoury of King Sigismund II Augustus (1548-1572) and the court courtiers working for the aforementioned monarch. The most famous ones were brothers, Florian and Walenty (Valentin) Sibenbürger from Nuremberg. The most significant dilemma as regards royal arms is connected with Augustus II the Strong and Augustus III. The arms signed with royal coat of arms, alongside the Wettin coat of arms, is presently located at Staatliche Kunstsammlungen in Dresden and is exhibited there at the permanent exhibition. The arms of our other rulers are currently located outside Poland and constitute the ornaments of the old weapons collection.
RU
В статье описано личное оружие польских королей. Это сложная тема, т.к. на оружии нет клейма, а опись королевского оружия содержит информацию общего характера. Не вызывает сомнений, что у польских властителей были собственные арсеналы. Больше всего известно об арсенале Сигизмунда II Августа (1548–1572) и о придворных оружейниках, работавших на этого монарха. Самыми известными были братья Флориан и Валентин Зибенбургеры из Нюрнберга. Больше всего вопросов возникает по поводу оружия Августа II Сильного и Августа III. Оружие с королевскими гербами наряду с родовыми гербами Веттинов в настоящее время находится в постоянной экспозиции Государственных художественных собраний Дрездена. Оружие других польских королей также находится за пределами Польши и является украшением коллекций исторического оружия.
EN
The purpose of this paper is to answer how the issue of transparency has been dealt with in the Arms Trade Treaty. Analysed provisions will also be assesed. As a point of reference other instruments regarding arms trade will be used. Uncontrolled arms trade poses a significant threat to international peace and security. The General Assembly of the United Nations has adopted the Arms Trade Treaty [hereinafter ATT]. The ATT entered into force on 24th of December 2014. For the first time in the history a global and legally binding instrument regulating ams trade has been adopted. Transparency is a key element of ATT. Firstly, observing inflows and outflows of arms allows to determine whether provisions of a treaty are used in practise. Furthermore it makes assesment of state’s intentions possible. Extensive armament is correlated with war preparations. Secondly, transparency shows if a country has implemented the treaty into its law.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu odpowiedzieć na pytanie, w jaki sposób kwestia transparentności została ujęta w Traktacie o handlu bronią. Analizowane rozwiązania zostaną poddane także wstępnej ocenie. Za punkt odniesienia posłużą instrumenty kontroli obrotu uzbrojeniem funkcjonujące już od jakiegoś czasu. Niekontrolowany obrót bronią konwencjonalną stanowi poważne zagrożenie dla pokoju i bezpieczeństwa na świecie. Zgromadzenie Ogólne ONZ przyjęło Traktat o handlu bronią (dalej ATT). ATT wszedł w życie 24 grudnia 2014 roku. Jest to pierwszy w historii prawnie wiążący dokument, o zasięgu globalnym, ustanawiający zasady kontroli eksportu uzbrojenia. Kluczowym elementem Traktatu jest transparentność. Po pierwsze obserwowanie transferów uzbrojenia do/z określonych państw pozwala ocenić, czy strony umowy w praktyce realizują jej postanowienia. Ponadto obserwowanie transferów uzbrojenia pozwala w pewnym stopniu ocenić ich intencje. Intensywne zbrojenia są jednym z korelatów przygotowań do wojny. Po drugie, transparentność pozwala stwierdzić, czy dane państwo podjęło stosowne kroki (np. legislacyjne) w celu wywiązania się z przyjętych zobowiązań.
EN
The Himyarite slab from Zafar contains several distinctive features shared with some Parthian and Sasanian art pieces, but its relation with Naqš-e Rostam friezes proposed by Yule and Robin does not seem convincing. 1. It shows a rider clad in long scale armor analogically to a terracotta tile from the British Museum (fig. 9); 2. There is an infantry attendant with an axe depicted over the mount’s rump similarly to the Tang-e Sarvak frieze, where there are two foot warriors and a battle axe too (fig. 7); The horse position on Tang-e Sarvak is either standing or rearing as on discussed relief. 3. Round shield and raised right hand with a lance as on Ṭāq-e Bostān relief (fig. 12). 4. The layout of the original piece must have therefore been squarish rather than horizontally extended, with the opponent of the main figure marginalized. Therefore Himyarite artisans either followed unknown or not preserved Iranian iconographic pattern or combined the features of different canons. Yule and Robin have pointed out that simple snaffle was depicted in place of elaborate and decorative Sasanian bridle, an element usually pronounced in Sasanian art but not always clearly marked in Parthian iconography, especially in smaller objects. It cannot be however excluded that the slab rather follows a Roman tradition captured in local taste.
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