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EN
Time is absolute in standard quantum theory and dynamical in general relativity. The combination of both theories into a theory of quantum gravity leads therefore to a “problem of time”. In my essay, I investigate those consequences for the concept of time that may be drawn without a detailed knowledge of quantum gravity. The only assumptions are the experimentally supported universality of the linear structure of quantum theory and the recovery of general relativity in the classical limit. Among the consequences are the fundamental timelessness of quantum gravity, the approximate nature of a semiclassical time, and the correlation of entropy with the size of the Universe.
PL
The arrow of time problem belongs to the most discussed questions of the contemporary philosophy of physics. Some aspects of this problem are discussed in this paper in the context of Henry Mehlberg's philosophical views. Mehlberg devoted a significant part of his work to the enigma of time. He argues that all major empirical theories are invariant with respect to time reversal. In the present paper, the difference between temporal isotropy as expressed in the everyday language and in scientific theories is first presented, then Mehlberg's arguments on behalf of temporal symmetry are analyzed and, finally, some philosophical implications of arrowless time are discussed.
EN
This paper explores nostalgic memories from an unconventional perspective and their complex relationship with parallel universes. The arrow of time is not necessarily linear, and nostalgic memories pertaining to the past or the future, be it in this world or in parallel universes, could be accessed in various states of consciousness. Whatever is inside (in the internal environment of an individual) is outside (in the external environment), which is in line with esoteric teachings and individualistic experiences. The Indian concept of Maya (illusion) that applies to the material world, acts as a hindrance to experiencing Brahman or the ultimate Truth. Until one is able to perceive the infinitely connected universe in all its gigantic underlying unity, it may be posited that nostalgic memories exist in parallel universes.
EN
In this paper I undertake the question of differences between natural and social history. I consider five detailed issues: the pace of qualitative changes and homogeneity of time, the arrow of time, the end of history, the totality of history, and the difference between historic nature and temporality. I emphasize that the differences between natural and social history are not ontologically essential.
PL
W artykule rozważam problem ontycznej różnicy między historią naturalną a historią społeczną. Zagadnienie analizuję w kontekście pięciu kwestii szczegółowych: problemu tempa zmian jakościowych oraz jednorodności czasu, problemu (an)izotropowości czasu, kwestii „końca historii”, zagadnienia całościowości (totalności) dziejów oraz problemu różnicy między historycznością a czasowością. Dochodzę do wniosku, że w aspekcie kategorii czasu (pod względem struktury zmienności) trudno znaleźć istotne różnice między tymi dwoma rodzajami procesów historycznych.
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