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1

Kepler as a statistician

100%

Sheynin O.

Śląski Przegląd Statystyczny

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2017

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issue 15 (21)

227-232

EN

Drawing on my previous publications (see Bibliography), I describe Kepler’s work on the mathematical treatment of observations and astrology. In particular, I investigate how he rejected the Ptolemaic system of the world and note that his astrology had the features of qualitative correlation.

2

Why was astrology criticised in the Middle Ages? Contribution to further research

100%

Konarska-Zimnicka S.

Saeculum Christianum. Pismo Historyczne

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2017

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vol. XXIV

91-99

EN

People have always been interested in distant, mysterious celestial bodies. Astrologers who explored the mysteries of the study of the stars and planets wanted to read them as predictions of future events. Astrological practices were often seen as bordering of magic, which to a large extent influenced the negative perception of this area of study and its supporters, even though astrologers were employed at the kings’ and bishops’ courts, and even at the papal court. The relationship of astrology with occult sciences, which were regarded as sinful and heretical, led to the situation when its proponents were subject to accusations. Particular attention was paid to the fact that the belief in the influence of heavenly bodies on the events taking place in the sublunary world undermines the foundation of the Christian religion, i.e. the dogma of the free will of man. This and other charges constituted a kind of a “catalogue of allegations” that were made against astrology and astrologers throughout the Middle Ages.

3

Stoic Caricature in Lucian’s De astrologia: Verisimilitude As Comedy

100%

McNamara C.

Peitho. Examina Antiqua

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2013

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vol. 4

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issue 1

235-253

EN

The inclusion of De astrologia in the Lucianic corpus has been disputed for centuries since it appears to defend astrological practices that Lucian elsewhere undercuts. This paper argues for Lucian’s authorship by illustrating its masterful subversion of a captatio benevolentiae and subtle rejection of Stoic astrological practices. The narrator begins the text by blaming phony astrologers and their erroneous predictions for inciting others to “denounce the stars and hate astrology” (ἄστρων τε κατηγοροῦσιν καὶ αὐτὴν στρολογίην μισέουσιν, 2). The narrator assures readers that he, the knowledgeable astrologer, will correct for the “stupidity and laziness” (μαθίῃ καὶ ῥαθυμίῃ, ibid.) that bring about false predictions. The narrator’s credibility quickly decays when he attempts to recast Orpheus, Bellerophon, Icarus, Daedalus, and a host of other mythological figures as Greek astrologers. Lucian’s audience would expect such far-fetched interpretations of myth from the stereotypical Stoic philosopher, a character lampooned elsewhere in the Lucianic corpus.

4

Astrologiczne i humoralne uwarunkowania wyglądu ciała ludzkiego. Johannesa ab Indagine Introductiones apotelesmaticae in Chyromantiam, Physiognomiam, Astrologiam Naturalem complexiones hominum naturas planetarum (1522) na tle kultury umysłowej renesansu

99%

Raubo A.

Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Literacka

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2017

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issue 31

89-128

EN

This article describes the impact of humoral theory and astrology on the description of human body in four types of temperaments (choleric, phlegmatic, sanguine and melancholic) in the Renaissance writings. The most important of them is an antique book entitled Introductiones apotelesmaticae in Chyromantiam, Physiognomiam, Astrologiam Naturalem complexiones hominum naturas planetarum written by Johannes Indagine and printed in 1522. Other books from this period are: Enchiridion Physiognomiae co[m] pe[n]diosu[m]: cu[m] figuris facieru[m] (1532) by Simonenide Louicz, Problemata Aristotelis. Gadki… o składności członk.w człowieczych (1535) by Andrzej Glaber, Phisionomia hinc inde ex illustribus scriptoribus… recollecta (1518) by Johann von Glogau. The article describes the humoral theory of diseses, which roots were created by Hippocrates and Galen, and the doctrine of the four humors dominated Medieval and Renaissance medicine. This theory held that in the body there are four humors or bodily fluids (moists) held the secret to temperaments. These humors were: blood, yellow bile, black bile and phlegm. A proper domination of each fluid was a cause of characteristic patterns of appropriate temperament: melancholic, sanguine, choleric and phlegmatic. The theory of four temperaments was also intrinsically tied to astrology, beginning with a natal birth chart interpretations to the impact of diffrent planets (Zodiac) on the organs in human body. Astrology was also helpful in the interpretation of temperaments (personality types) with their connection to the picture of human face, which was analyzed by the medieval physiognomy and also to physical appearance: shape of the body, colour of the skin, musculature and hair. The article also describes the correlations connecting the theory of four humors with birth (natal) charts and looking which planet has the impact on each temperament and human body, with negative or positive domination of diffrent character qualities. And finally, there is a detailed reconstruction of physiognomic types of human types of four temperaments, based on the book from 1522 Introductiones apotelesmaticae in Chyromantiam, Physiognomiam, Astrologiam Naturalem complexiones hominum naturas planetarum by Indagine. The author discusses a planet’s positions and conjunctions with other planets in horoscope and their impact on temperament, physical posture, character traits, with some medical comments.

5

Nowe widzenie – astrologiczny i astronomiczny wymiar wizji fotograficznej

86%

Łuczak D.

Artium Quaestiones

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2017

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issue 28

33-64

PL

The paper focuses on the New Vision – one of the most important developments in the history of the twentieth-century photography, whose ambition was to modernize human perception, hence also society. A project with such an objective, characteristic of the avant-garde, required not only the use of photography as a tool of “ocularcentrism,” to use a term coined by Martin Jay, but also some more solid epistemological and ontological foundation. The author analyzes the project of the New Vision, introducing two interpretive contexts, i.e. astrology and astronomy, which are understood as specific paradigms of cognition and knowledge. First, both concepts are located in a more general discourse of the philosophy of history (Nietzsche, Benjamin), and second, they are related to the practice and theory of the New Vision and the idea of developing a new vision of reality, shown at the famous “Film und Foto” exhibition (Stuttgart, 1929). The basis of the present interpretation is methodological reflection on the ideologization of photography in the so-called revisionist studies which favor the critique of the apparatus of power. Instead, the author proposes a concept of photographic vision connecting the picture and the spectator or, in other words, calling for taking into consideration the process of reception. This proposal, close to Hans Belting’s anthropology of the image, renounces the idea of the passive spectator, subject to the picture, in favor of the analysis of its perception. In the context of the New Vision, the picture-spectator relationship has been approached in terms of astrology and astronomy.

6

„Ultra prognosticare me sidera non permittunt”. O okolicznościach powstania przepowiedni elekcyjnej Jerzego Joachima Retyka

86%

Choptiany M.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2016

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vol. 61

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issue 4

85–110

EN

The so-called elective prophecy by Georg Joachim Rheticus (1514–1574) was written most likely in the early 1560s and widely disseminated in a significant number of copies, textual variants, and translations into the German and Polish languages. This abundance of copies led to a great confusion concerning the original character of Rheticus political horoscope, followed by a series of explanatory notices, as the late and corrupted variants had been quite often taken as representative for the entire tradition of this text. This article seeks to discuss the nature of previous misconceptions regarding the original character of the prophecy in the light of the most reliable witness (MS Wrocław, Biblioteka Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, Akc. 1949/594, fols 56v–57v) and other variants located in European libraries. It also aims to shed some critical light on probable origins of Rheticus’s horoscope and the way it evolved into a popular prophecy, deprived of proper astrological apparatus, and shaped political opinion among the members of the Polish nobility (szlachta).

7

Questio astronomicalis Zdeňka z Labouně. Kritická edice

86%

Kocánová B.

Listy filologické (Folia philologica)

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2016

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vol. 139

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issue 1-2

123-165

EN

The subject of this edition is a response to the quaestio (raised at the discussion de quodlibet organised by John Hus in 1411), “whether there are seven planets, whether they move in epicycles and on eccentric orbits, and whether their conjunction influences humans and gives rise to comets, blazing dragon (i.e. meteor), halo, rainbow, sub and asub (another meteors) and hyatus and bochim (aurora borealis or clouds coloured by sunlight).” The astronomer Zdeněk of Labouň starts with an astronomical description of the planets, their movements and conjunctions, and then he turns to the question of the influence of planetary conjunctions on earthly matters – on people as well as on the specific optical phenomena. The answers he gives are as follows: yes, there are seven planets; the planets move in epicycles and on eccentric orbits; their conjunctions influence what happens on the Earth and in the air. Zdeněk of Labouň believed that the heat produced by the planetary conjunctions might release exhalations from the Earth surface that cause specific phenomena: comets and meteors through the ignition of dry exhalations; halo and rainbow through the reflection of light rays from particles of vapour. By discussing astronomy, astrology and meteorology at the same time, this quaestio differs from typical works on these subjects. John Hus’ choice of such a unique question might have been motivated by his effort to persuade the public about a high standard of the Prague University, even in this difficult period of its history. The text of this critical edition is based on the only two preserved manuscripts: (A) National Library of the Czech Republic, Prague, Ms. X E 24, fol. 155v–165r; (B) Austrian National Library, Vienna, no. 4673, fol. 156v–159r.

8

Wszystko we właściwym czasie –tradycyjny chiński kalendarz i almanach

86%

Mrugała Ł.

Przegląd Orientalistyczny

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2019

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issue 1 (269)

49-62

EN

The aim of the article is to picture the characteristics and functions of traditional Chinese calendars and almanacs. In traditional Chinese society, great attention was paid to everything being done at the “right time”. Primarily, this only concerned matters strictly related to field works and rituals, but over time, attempts to harmonize human activities with the course of nature led to the point that almost every sphere of Chinese life depended on the positive or negative influence of the prevailing time. The ability to “manage time” properly was what made the ruler the Son of Heaven. This resulted in the creation of an extremely complicated system of time notation, which involved many different, mutually complementary methods based on natural cycles and historical periods. Calendars and almanacs played the role of a “temporal map” used to guide people in a world of complex relations between time and human life.

9

PAULA THAGARDA KRYTERIA DEMARKACJI

72%

Roskal Z.

Roczniki Filozoficzne

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2014

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vol. 62

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issue 1

25-36

EN

In Paul Thagard’s article “Why Astrology Is a Pseudoscience”, we might find some demarcation criteria which are best used in determining whether certain fields with a lot of practitioners can be claimed to be pseudoscientific. Theory T for the pseudoscience club is if T has long been less progressive than its competitors and faces many more unsolved problems; and, adherents to T do not try to develop the theory to solve puzzles, do not attempt to evaluate T with respect to its alternatives, and are highly reserved and selective in seeking confirmation and falsification. Ten years later Thagard gave us new proposals. If T is a pseudoscience, then it is usually the case that (1) T is neither simple nor unified; the explanations, resources, (2) and predictions of T tend to be ad hoc, spurious, or ill-fitted to the rest of T; or, (3) adherents to T do not try to develop the theory to solve puzzles, do not attempt to evaluate T with respect to competitors, and (4) are highly reserved and selective in seeking confirmation and falsification. In this article, Paul Thagard’s criteria of demarcation are examined and evaluated from the point of view of the history of astrology.

10

Ambrozjańska krytyka astrologicznej koncepcji fatum Juliusza Firmicjusza Maternusa. Analiza Quaestio CXV

72%

Babiarz G.

Polonia Sacra

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2015

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vol. 19

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issue 3

EN

The polemic of Ambrosiaster against Julius Firmicus Maternus has been presented in five points. The first point is introduction. The second point describes fate in terms of an act of disbelief because it depreciates the Creator and contributes to portraying him as unjust and tyrannical. The third point presents a method of Astrology used to build a false worship: by rejecting the concept of miracle and prayer. Another point concerns the effects of rationality disorder induced by the logic of fate. The last point shows the destruction of the structure of a person trapped in irrationality. Ambrosiaster proves that he knows the work of Firmicus perfectly. He treats it as a serious threat to Christianity. In addition, Quaestio CXV is a testament to a growing disparity between cultural demonology and the one presented in the revealed teaching.The teaching of this author constitutes a part of a wide socio-religious context of the 4th century. It also opens up the field for discussion about the internal condition of Christianity of the tolerance period and its impact on the development of religious and social behaviours.

PL

Polemika Ambrozjastra z Juliuszem Firmicjuszem Maternusem została przedstawiona w pięciu punktach. Pierwszy jest wprowadzeniem w polemikę. Drugi opisuje fatum w kategoriach aktu niewiary, ponieważ deprecjonuje Stwórcę i przyczynia się do wykreowania jego obrazu jako niesprawiedliwego i despotycznego. Trzeci prezentuje metodę obecną w astrologii przy budowaniu fałszywego kultu: odrzucenie pojęcia cudu oraz modlitwy. Kolejny dotyczy skutków zaburzenia racjonalności powodowanych logiką fatum. Ostatni ukazuje destrukcję struktury osoby uwikłanej w nieracjonalność.

11

[Recenzja] : Michał Falkener z Wrocławia, Introductorium astronomie Cracoviense elucidans almanach, czyli kompendium wiedzy astrologicznej, przekład i opracowanie Sylwia Konarska-Zimnicka, Biblioteka Polskiego Towarzystwa Astrologicznego, t. 6, red. Piotr Piotrowski, Warszawa 2014, 153 s.

72%

Kardyś P.

Biuletyn Biblioteki Jagiellońskiej

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2015

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vol. 65

199-200

12

Ambrozjańska krytyka astrologicznej koncepcji fatum Juliusza Firmicjusza Maternusa Analiza Quaestio CXV

72%

Babiarz G.

Polonia Sacra

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2015

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vol. 19

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issue 3(40)

31-48

PL

Polemika Ambrozjastra z Juliuszem Firmicjuszem Maternusem została przedstawiona w pięciu punktach. Pierwszy jest wprowadzeniem w polemikę. Drugi opisuje fatum w kategoriach aktu niewiary, ponieważ deprecjonuje Stwórcę i przyczynia się do wykreowania jego obrazu jako niesprawiedliwego i despotycznego. Trzeci prezentuje metodę obecną w astrologii przy budowaniu fałszywego kultu: odrzucenie pojęcia cudu oraz modlitwy. Kolejny dotyczy skutków zaburzenia racjonalności powodowanych logiką fatum. Ostatni ukazuje destrukcję struktury osoby uwikłanej w nieracjonalność.

EN

The polemic of Ambrosiaster against Julius Firmicus Maternus has been presented in five points. The first point is introduction. The second point describes fate in terms of an act of disbelief because it depreciates the Creator and contributes to portraying him as unjust and tyrannical. The third point presents a method of Astrology used to build a false worship: by rejecting the concept of miracle and prayer. Another point concerns the effects of rationality disorder induced by the logic of fate. The last point shows the destruction of the structure of a person trapped in irrationality. Ambrosiaster proves that he knows the work of Firmicus perfectly. He treats it as a serious threat to Christianity. In addition, Quaestio CXV is a testament to a growing disparity between cultural demonology and the one presented in the revealed teaching. The teaching of this author constitutes a part of a wide socio-religious context of the 4th century. It also opens up the field for discussion about the internal condition of Christianity of the tolerance period and its impact on the development of religious and social behaviours.

13

Arabscy chrześcijanie wobec astrologii na podstawie traktatu O wierze chrześcijan w wyroki gwiazd Eliasza z Nisibi

72%

Sadowski M.

Polonia Sacra

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2017

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vol. 21

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issue 1(46)

183-204

PL

Eliasz z Nisibi należy do najbardziej płodnych pisarzy chrześcijańskich języka arabskiego swojej epoki. Jego siódmy mağlis z Abī l Qāsim dotyczy wyroków gwiazd i zasługuje na uwagę z powodu swej aktualności. Prezentowany przez Eliasza dyskurs można podzielić na dwie części: pierwszą mówiącą o wolności człowieka oraz drugą, w której wskazuje on na rolę ludzkiego rozumu. Te dwa elementy są głównymi argumentami w jego krytyce fatalizmu i astrologii. Jego nauczanie jest osadzone na wcześniejszym syryjskim chrześcijańskim dziedzictwie teologicznym. Jako logik niestrudzenie obnaża irracjonalny charakter wszelkich doktryn astrologicznych oraz fatalistych.

EN

Elias of Nisibis belongs to the most prolific writers of his time. His seventh mağlis with Abī l Qāsi is focused on the sentencenes of the stars and merits our attention due to its unceasing relevance. The discourse may be divided in two sections: firstly concerning human freedom, and secondly dealing with his rationality. These two factors are the main arguments in Elias’ refutation of fate and astrology. In this his teaching becomes a part of the Syriac Christian theological legacy. As a logician he exposes persistently the irrational character of any astrological and fatalistic doctrine.

14

The meaning of birth date - the astrological and astronomical dimensions of medieval and early modern natal charts

72%

Konarska-Zimnicka S. K.

Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie

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2023

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vol. 323

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issue 4

578-590

PL

Data przyjścia człowieka na świat to symboliczny początek jego mariażu z ziemską egzystencją, a ta owiana była mgłą tajemnicy. Tajemnicę tę próbowali poznać astrologowie, którzy dysponowali wiedzą i narzędziami prognostycznymi. Do takich narzędzi należały horoskopy urodzinowe w różnych odmianach (natalne, rektyfikowane, rocznicowe). Wprawny astrolog z układu planet, znaków zodiaku, węzłów księżycowych czy gwiazd stałych ponoć był w stanie „wyczytać” losy adresata horoskopu. A że przekonanie o rzetelności tych prognoz było wielkie, zapotrzebowanie na horoskopu i usługi astrologów również. To właśnie dzięki szczęśliwie zachowanym źródłom jesteśmy w stanie zbadać, jak dużą rolę w średniowieczu i wczesnej epoce nowożytnej odgrywała znajomość daty urodzin w wymiarze tak astrologicznym, jak i astronomicznym.

EN

The date of man's birth is the symbolic beginning of his marriage with earthly existence, and this was shrouded in a fog of mystery. This mystery was attempted to be known by astrologers, who had knowledge and forecasting tools at their disposal. Such tools included birth horoscopes in their various forms (natal, rectified, anniversary). A skilful astrologer was supposedly able to "read" the fate of the horoscope's addressee from the arrangement of planets, zodiac signs, lunar nodes or fixed stars. And as the belief in the reliability of these predictions was great, so was the demand for horoscopes and the services of astrologers. It is thanks to the fortunately preserved sources that we are able to investigate how great a role knowledge of the date of birth played in the Middle Ages and early modern era in both astrological and astronomical terms.

15

Herbs as pharmaka: between Medicine, Astrology and Magic

72%

Freni G.

Studia Ceranea

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2022

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vol. 13

321-346

EN

In the ancient and Byzantine world, natural elements were used to cure a certain disease, as attested by traditional medical sources such as Hippocrates, Dioscorides and Galen. However, the therapeutic properties of these substances are also described in some compilations that transmit another type of knowledge: the Cyranides, a hermetic work that illustrates the usages of vegetable, animal and mineral species for different purposes; Cassianus Bassus’ Geoponica, an important source of the ancient agronomic-botanical tradition; the Hygromanteia Salomonis, a hermetic and esoteric treatise dedicated to planetary divination, which also illustrates the correspondences between plants, planets and zodiac signs. The herbs described in these compilations are suggested as φάρμακα for the treatment of diseases, but also for other purposes such as warding off demons or having luck (e.g. in Monacensis gr. 70, which transmits Hygromanteia Salomonis, Jupiter’s plant is χρυσάγκαθον, capable of causing extraordinary healings). This denotes the development of a parallel medicine, connected with magic and astrology, and in some cases the practices discussed still have folkloric implications today. Therefore, this contribution intends to analyse these three magico- -medical works, highlighting the similarities and differences from traditional medical sources as well as the link between medicine, magic and astrology.

16

Nawrócenie św. Augustyna a jego stosunek do kultury antycznej

58%

Spychała D.

Studia Europaea Gnesnensia

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2011

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issue 3

227-243

PL

Augustine of Hippo was the most eminent Church theologian at the close of antiquity. His influence is perceptible until the present day. The path which led him to Christianity was typical for the period of the late Roman Empire, when various religious currents would contend. It seems that the problems of antique culture were of secondary significance in his conversion.

17

Zdrowie i choroba w "Księdze instruktażu w zakresie elementów sztuki astrologicznej" Al-Biruniego

58%

Konarska-Zimnicka S.

Średniowiecze Polskie i Powszechne

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2023

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vol. 15

55-75

EN

Al-Biruni is one of the key figures of the scientific world in the Middle Ages. An erudite man who worked in many disciplines, including mathematics, astronomy, law, history, geodesy, etc., he was also an excellent astrologer who left a rich scientific legacy. Unfortunately, most of his works were not translated into Latin, which meant that he was not a well-known figure in the Christian culture of the Middle Ages. Likewise, his scientific works remained unknown, among them The Book of Instruction in the Elements of the Astrological Art. In this work, Al-Biruni presents the basics of astrology as well as issues from the disciplines included in the quadrivium, thus demonstrating his scientific competence as a medieval astrologer. He also addresses here the key issues of astrology, without overlooking those of particular relevance to every human being, that is, health and disease, which is the main concern of Sylwia Konarska-Zimnicka’s article.

DE

Al-Biruni ist eine der wichtigsten Persönlichkeiten in der wissenschaftlichen Welt des Mittelalters. Als Gelehrter war er in vielen Disziplinen tätig, unter anderem in Mathematik, Astronomie, Recht, Geschichte, Geodäsie usw. Darüber hinaus war er auch ein hervorragender Astrologe, der ein umfassendes wissenschaftliches Erbe hinterließ. Leider wurden die meisten seiner Werke nicht ins Lateinische übersetzt, weswegen er in den Kreisen der christlichen Kultur des Mittelalters eher unbekannt blieb. Das Gleiche gilt für seine wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten. Zu seinen Werken gehört unter anderem Das Buch der Unterweisung in die Anfänge der Kunst der Sterndeutung, in dem der Gelehrte die Grundlagen des astrologischen Wissens und Probleme aus dem Bereich des Quadriviums darlegt und damit einen Einblick in die wissenschaftliche Werkstatt eines mittelalterlichen Astrologen ermöglicht. Im genannten Werk thematisiert er die Schlüsselprobleme der Astrologie, ohne dabei Fragen außer Acht zu lassen, die für jeden Menschen von besonderer Bedeutung sind, und zwar Gesundheit und Krankheit, welche in den Fokus des vorliegenden Beitrags rücken.

PL

Al-Biruni to jedna z kluczowych postaci świata nauki w wiekach średnich. Erudyta, parający się wieloma dyscyplinami – dość wymienić: matematykę, astronomię, prawo, historię, geodezję etc. Był jednocześnie znakomitym astrologiem, który pozostawił po sobie bogatą spuściznę naukową. Niestety, większość jego dzieł nie została przetłumaczona na język łaciński, co sprawiło, że w kręgu kultury chrześcijańskiej wieków średnich nie był on postacią znaną. Podobnie jego twórczość naukowa. Jednym z takich dzieł jest Księga instruktażu w zakresie elementów sztuki astrologicznej, w której uczony przedstawił rudymenta wiedzy astrologicznej wraz z zagadnieniami z dyscyplin wchodzących w skład quadrivium, ukazując tym samym warsztat naukowy średniowiecznego astrologa. W tekście tym zaprezentował kluczowe dla astrologii tematy, nie pomijając kwestii szczególnie istotnych dla każdego człowieka – zdrowia i choroby, który to wątek stanowi myśl przewodnią niniejszego artykułu.

18

The axiological potential of astrological terminology

58%

Turashbek Y.

Przegląd Rusycystyczny

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2023

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issue 2 (182)

233-245

RU

Аксиологический аспект языковых явлений находится в поле зрения настоящего исследования, поскольку он тесно связан не только с семантикой, но и с прагматикой лексических единиц, а также с сопутствующими лингвокультурными факторами. Так, представленный в статье материал из сферы астрологической терминологии свидетельствует о том, что такие лексические единицы, как гороскоп и астрология, имеют схожую динамику частоты употребления. Кроме того, в течение рассматриваемого периода (с конца XX до начала XXI века) наблюдается преобладание негативной оценки, связанной с этими понятиями, что можно рассматривать как свидетельство иронического отношения к лексико-семантической группе в целом. Для достижения целей и задач исследования нами использованы данные из Национального корпуса русского языка (НКРЯ); фрагменты текста извлечены из корпуса с помощью сплошной выборки, что позволило объективизировать исследование, а также применить элементы статистического анализа, основанные на количественных данных НКРЯ. Процедура исследования включала (1) анализ фрагментов текста, содержащих упомянутые выше лексические единицы; (2) анализ корреляции между лексическими единицами, с одной стороны, и положительной/отрицательной/нейтральной частями оценочной шкалы – с другой стороны.

PL

W centrum zainteresowania niniejszego opracowania znajduje się aksjologiczny aspekt zjawisk językowych, który jest ściśle powiązany nie tylko z semantyką, ale także z pragmatyką jednostek leksykalnych oraz towarzyszących mu czynników językowych i kulturowych. Materiał przedstawiony w artykule z zakresu terminologii astrologicznej wskazuje, że jednostki leksykalne, takie jak horoskop i astrologia, mają podobną dynamikę częstotliwości używania. Ponadto w analizowanym okresie (od końca XX do początku XXI wieku) dominuje negatywna ocena związana z omawianymi pojęciami, co można uznać za dowód ironicznego stosunku do leksykalno-semantycznej jako całości. Do przeprowadzenia badań zostały wykorzystanie dane z Korpusu Narodowego Języka Rosyjskiego; fragmenty tekstu zostały wyodrębnione z korpusu za pomocą analizy całościowej, co wpłynęło na obiektywność badań, a także wykorzystanie elementów analizy statystycznej opartej na danych ilościowych. Procedura badawcza obejmowała (1) analizę fragmentów tekstu zawierających ww. jednostki leksykalne; (2) analizę korelacji między jednostkami leksykalnymi oraz ich oceną (pozytywną/negatywną/neutralną).

EN

Axiological aspect shows a reflection over the phenomena associated not only with semantics, but also with pragmatics, as well as with linguacultural factors. As it can be shown by means of the materials represented in the paper, such lexical units as horoscope and astrology have similar dynamics in terms of increasing/falling popularity. In addition, at the present time, including the period between the late XX and early XXI century, there is a predominance of negative emotions related to these concepts, and this fact can be considered as the evidence of ironic attitude to the LE horoscope and astrology, as well as to this lexical and semantic group in general. To achieve our main goal and objectives, the author used data from the National Corpus of the Russian Language; text fragments were extracted from the corpus by means of continuous sampling technique. The data excerpted from the language corpus allows us to objectify the study, as well as to use elements of statistical analysis based on the quantitative data presented in the corpus. Research procedure included (1) analysis of text fragments containing lexical units mentioned above; (2) analysis of the correlation between those words, on one hand, and positive/negative/neutral parts of the evaluation scale, on the other hand.

19

O wpływach ciał niebieskich. Wstęp do astrologii politycznej

58%

Czeczot K.

Praktyka Teoretyczna

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2021

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vol. 41

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issue 3

71-90

EN

The starting point of this paper is the transformation of the notion of influence, which as late as in the seventeenth century was defined as acting of celestial bodies upon the Earth, and only in the nineteenth century did it take on its present, more general meaning. I sketch this transformation against the background of other processes characteristic of modernity. One of them is the eradication of astrology from the field of science, linked to the triumph of dualistic philosophy and the birth of industrial capitalism, which together objectified and commodified nature. The second of these processes is the career that the concept of influence begins to make in the nineteenth century, becoming one of the most important categories not only of the natural sciences but also of the social sciences, where, understood more as spiritual power, it allows to describe the action of ideas on society and of intellectuals on government. The third one – the birth of the modern subject with its characteristic „influence anxiety“. These contexts, outlined in the article, allow us to see modernity in a new light – as a civilization in which influence that of the environment might exert on humans is unambiguously classified as a threat. They also allow us to ask the question to what extent may the modern redefinition of the relationship between man and the cosmos held responsible for the ecological crisis.

PL

Punktem wyjścia artykułu jest przemiana, jakiej uległo – wraz z nadejściem zachodniej nowoczesności – pojęcie wpływu, który jeszcze w siedemnastym wieku był definiowany jako oddziaływanie ciał niebieskich na obszar ziemski i dopiero w dziewiętnastym nabrał dzisiejszego, bardziej ogólnego sensu. Przemianę tę zarysowuję na tle innych, charakterystycznych dla nowoczesności procesów. Jednym z nich jest wyrugowanie astrologii z pola nauki, powiązane z triumfem filozofii dualistycznej, narodzinami przemysłowego kapitalizmu, które razem wzięte uprzedmiotowiły i utowarowiły naturę. Drugi z tych procesów to kariera, jaką w dziewiętnastym wieku zaczyna robić pojęcie wpływu, stając się jedną z ważniejszych kategorii nie tylko nauk przyrodniczych, lecz również społecznych, w których – rozumiany bardziej jako władza duchowa – pozwala opisać działanie idei na społeczeństwo i intelektualistów na rząd. Trzecim w końcu – narodziny nowoczesnego podmiotu wraz z charakterystycznym dla niego „lękiem przed wpływem”. Tak zarysowane konteksty pozwalają w nowym świetle zobaczyć nowoczesność jako cywilizację, w której wpływ otoczenia na człowieka został zaklasyfikowany jako jednoznaczne zagrożenie. Pozwalają również zadać pytanie, na ile to właśnie nowoczesne przedefiniowanie relacji człowieka z kosmosem odpowiada za kryzys ekologiczny.

20

Polonica w rękopisach średniowiecznych Rosyjskiej Biblioteki Narodowej w Petersburgu. Stan i perspektywy badawcze

58%

Bracha K., Nowak P.

Analecta. Studia i Materiały z Dziejów Nauki

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2022

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vol. 31

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issue 1

7-33

EN

From the end of the 18th century to the Second World War, Poland suffered severe losses in the area of cultural heritage. Many collections of both institutional libraries and private antiquarians were transported from Poland, mainly to Russia, and some have never returned. The article presents the current state and perspectives of research on polonica kept in the Russian National Library (former Imperial Public Library) in St Petersburg, the foremost library of the country. The term ‘polonica’ encompasses manuscripts created up to the mid-16th century either in Poland or elsewhere but kept in Polish collections or featuring a text written either by or with a Polish author, or concerning Poland. Although the research has so far covered only a fraction of the collections of the Russian National Library, it has yielded 19 identified polonica. They supplement the list of 49 items known from Polish and Russian inventories, studies and records from the Manuscripta.pl database. The codices presented in the article deal with a vast range of issues related to theology, philosophy, astrology, medicine, morality, pastoral, law, history and the art of war; they also provide the text of monastic rules. The authors of the article characterise their content and cognitive value, outlining new avenues fur future research on St Petersburg polonica.

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