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EN
The work of Roberto Bolaño requires a reader equipped with erudition equal to the one necessary to read Borges. What is more, even Gérard Genette has yet to create a paradigm of intertextuality that would suffice to describe this phenomenon in the writings of the Chilean author. Our objective is to analyse Distant Star with the focus on the complexity and profundity of allusions concerning a Polish writer, Bruno Schulz. The metalepsis which introduces the figure of Schulz into the plot of Bolaño’s novel implies the necessity of investigating not only in the work of Schulz, but also in his biography, as well as in the pertinent metaliterature. Such proceedings will allow us to decipher and perhaps recreate the “spider’s web” which Bolaño “casts” on the world in order to subvert the traditional modes of communication.
EN
The article interprets eschatological and apocalyptic literary works recognized as most representative for the discussed subject. Especially important in the context of the included poets seems to be the transfer of the text “Apokalipsa” (“The Apocalypse”) into a realm of internal experience, which indicates not only an individual, but also a phantasmal essence of religious impression. Tetmajer often employs “reported dreams”, the poet does not utilize the specific oneiric technique, imitating the process of natural dreaming. The visions mainly express terrifying images of nihilistic nothingness and a loss of establishment in the macrocosm. Through dreams about the annihilation of the Earth Tetmajer presents existential is-sues connected to the act of creation and the human – God relation. The motifs of “a destructive-constructive genesis” evoke a rich context of the Kabbalah tradition. Based on the analysed poems we can deduct that Tetmajer’s writing is dominated by the inverted reading of the Apocalypse, although, paradoxically, the author of Melancholy leaves some hope leading to a perspective of salvation.
PL
W artykule rozpatrywane są sposoby kreowania obrazu autora we wspomnieniach i korespondencji Jana Wantuły (1877–1953) – chłopa i hutnika z Ustronia, samouka, znawcy historii Śląska Cieszyńskiego, starodruków i ewangelicyzmu, publicysty, pisarza ludowego i wytrawnego bibliofila. Analizie podlegają wzorce, do których nawiązuje on, tworząc własny wizerunek w listach i Pamiętnikach, centralne elementy tego wizerunku i jego znaczenie. Wskazane zostają tu typowe motywy z pamiętników chłopskich, ale również złożone strategie, jakimi posługuje się Wantuła. Zasadniczym problemem jest pytanie, czy portret bojownika o sprawy narodowe i społeczne oraz wybitnego samouka nie pada łupem konwencji. Autorka dowodzi wartości retoryki jako kulturowej przestrzeni porozumienia, a zarazem ukazuje, jak w omawianych tekstach następuje przełamywanie schematów za pomocą tego, co lokalne, konkretne, cielesne i czasowe.
EN
This article’s aim is to present the ways of creating the author’s image in memoirs and letters by Jan Wantuła (1877–1953) – a peasant and steel worker from Ustroń, self-taught person, expert on the Cieszyn Silesia’s history, old prints and Protestantism, writer, publicist and a famous bibliophile. In the sketch the author analyzes the patterns Wantuła employs while creating his self-portrait, as well as central elements of that portrait and its purport. Not only typical leitmotifs from peasant memoirs are indicated, but also complex endeavors, which the booklover uses. The principal question here is whether this social and national campaigner’s portrait has not been influenced by the means of expression it has been written in. The authoress recognizes the value of rhetoric as cultural space of agreement, but she also portrays how in Wantuła’s texts patterns are broken by that what is local, specific, physical and temporary.
Pamiętnik Literacki
|
2021
|
vol. 112
|
issue 4
33-49
PL
Tematem artykułu są „Listy z Afryki” Henryka Sienkiewicza rozpatrywane z perspektywy autobiograficznej, rekonstruowanej również na podstawie prywatnej korespondencji pisarza oraz listów do rodziny autorstwa współtowarzysza wyprawy hrabiego Jana Tyszkiewicza. Materiał ten służy ukazaniu podróżniczego autowizerunku twórcy, będącego swoistym rewersem jego portretu z czasów amerykańskich. Biograficzno-artystyczny projekt, łączący cele komercyjne z artystycznymi, powiódł się jedynie w części. Największym problemem zarówno samej wycieczki, jak i relacji z niej było zbytnie zawierzenie przez Sienkiewicza obrazowi Afryki, którą poznał z lektur, zanim jeszcze wyruszył w swoją podróż. Pewność, że dla opisu tego kontynentu wystarcza jego „przetłumaczenie” na konwencje zgodne z oczekiwaniami ówczesnej publiczności literackiej, stanowi też o stosunku do listów z Ameryki, będących utrwaleniem rzeczywistej przygody poznawczej Sienkiewicza.
EN
Henryk Sienkiewicz’s „Listy z Afryki” („Letters from Africa”) are made subject of the paper, which is analysed from the autobiographical perspective and also reconstructed as based on the writer’s private correspondence and his letters to family authored by count Jan Tyszkiewicz, Sienkiewicz’s fellow traveller. The material serves to present the writer’s travelling self-image—a rare reverse of his image from the times of his American travel. The biographical-artistic project, that combined commercial and artistic purposes, proved to be only partially successful. The greatest hindrance of both the travel and the relation from it was that Sienkiewicz too blindly trusted the image of Africa that he knew from books before he started the journey. The certainty that to describe this continent one needs to “translate” it into the conventions required by the expectations of the then audience is decisive in the attitude to the letters from America that record Sienkiewicz’s real cognitional adventure.
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