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The Impact of the Great Recession on Monetary and Fiscal Policy in Developed Market Economies

100%

Šehović D.

Business Systems Research Journal

2015

vol. 6

issue 1

56-71

Background: With the occurrence of the crisis in 2007, which caused the largest economic contraction since the Great Depression in the thirties, it has become evident that the previous understanding of strategies, effects and roles of monetary and fiscal policy should be redefined. Objectives: The aim of this paper is to illustrate a possible expected change in monetary and fiscal policy in developed market economies that could occur as a consequence of the Great Recession. Methods/Approach: The paper provides a comparative analysis of various primary economic variables related to the developed OECD countries, as well as the empirical testing of the selected theoretical assumptions. Results: The changes in monetary policy refer to the question of raising target inflation, considering a possible use of aggregate price level targeting and paying attention to the role of central banks in suppressing the formation of an asset bubble. The success of fiscal policy in attaining stabilization depends on the size of possible fiscal measures and creation of automatic stabilizers. Conclusions: For the most part, monetary and fiscal policies will still stay unchanged, although some segments of these policies need to be improved.

Does A Progressive PIT Stabilize The Economy? A Comparison Of Progressive And Flat Taxes

84%

Krajewski P., Piłat K.

Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe

2017

vol. 20

issue 1

21-34

Cel artykułu stanowi zbadanie wpływu progresywności podatku PIT na jego skuteczność jako automatycznego stabilizatora koniunktury. Ocenę efektywności tego podatku w niwelowaniu wahań koniunktury przeprowadzono w oparciu o szacunki komponentów cyklicznych. Z badania wynika, że elastyczność wpływów podatkowych z podatku PIT względem PKB jest wyższa od jedności, co oznacza, że podatek dochodowy od osób fizycznych jest skutecznym stabilizatorem koniunktury. Jednocześnie uzyskano jednak, że występowanie progresji podatkowej nie jest głównym powodem wysokiej efektywności tego podatku w stabilizowaniu fluktuacji gospodarczych. Wyniki przeprowadzonych oszacowań wskazują, że zmiany w progresywności podatku PIT, odmiennie niż wynikałoby z powszechnych opinii na ten temat, jedynie w niewielkim stopniu wpływają na efektywność biernej polityki fiskalnej. Podatek dochodowy od osób fizycznych działa bowiem jako automatyczny stabilizator głównie nie poprzez progresję podatkową, lecz na skutek zmian poziomu zatrudnienia wynikających z fluktuacji gospodarczych.

The aim of the article is to examine the impact of progressive personal income tax rates and the effectiveness of this tax as an automatic economic stabilizer. The assessment of automatic stabilizers is based on the estimates of tax cyclical components. The study shows that the output elasticity of PIT is higher than one, which means that the analysed tax acts relatively efficiently as an automatic stabilizer. However, it was also observed that the tax progressivity is not the main reason of the effectiveness of a progressive PIT as an automatic stabilizer. The study shows that changes in progressive rates of PIT, contrary to widespread opinions, have little effect on the effectiveness of passive fiscal policy. Personal income tax acts as automatic stabilizer mostly due not to the progressive tax rates, but because of the sensitivity of employment to GDP fluctuations.

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1 Business Systems Research Journal

1 Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe

1 Krajewski P.

1 Piłat K.

1 Šehović D.

1 2017

1 2015

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The Impact of the Great Recession on Monetary and Fiscal Policy in Developed Market Economies

Does A Progressive PIT Stabilize The Economy? A Comparison Of Progressive And Flat Taxes