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EN
The philosophy of man and his role for the community, of community and for the whole human family is the vital ground for the philosophy of law and organizing the state system. To understand the state of harmony with the environment by demanding the realization of higher-order needs as the spiritual values which take into account the acceptance of individual and group must accept the paradigm of multilevel and multiple planes. Philosophy of law should develop a attribute-standard model of behavior which is also a reflection and an extension of the inner world of a man who will affirm the attitude of involvement in social issues beyond the individualistic dimension to higher values. Touching, taking over and organizing the external environment in the name of values, it will be possible the creation, development, and disintegration of the state of maladjustment become permanent determinants personal information which are at the same time the state of the dynamic world of transcultural. Pacifism, adherence to peace and respect the absolute value of the individual and the community in the form of a person’s value and the value of community. They may materialize through the intervention of culture in the form of the idea of law which creates objective conditions for a democratic state.
PL
Filozofia prawa winna wypracować model zachowania atrybutowo-normatywnego będącego jednocześnie odzwierciedleniem i przedłużeniem świata wewnętrznego człowieka, który pozwoli afirmować postawę zaangażowania w sprawy społeczne przekraczające wymiar indywidualistyczny na rzecz wartości wyższych. Dotykanie, przejmowanie i organizowanie otoczenia zewnętrznego w imię wartości będzie moż- liwe, gdy twórczość, rozwój, dezintegracja i stan nieprzystosowania staną się stałymi antecedensami osobowymi będącymi jednocześnie stanem dynamicznym świata transkulturowego. Samodzielność egzystencjalna jednostki stanowiąca dobro samo w sobie oraz wartość centrowa w procesie uspołecznienia wiąże się nierozerwalnie z relatywizmem, tolerancją oraz wieloświatopoglądowością. Zasadniczą dymensją definiującą zdrowie psychiczne jest zdolność i umiejętność pokonywania i neutralizowania uwarunkowań psychospołecznych przez osobę. Jednostka zawiera w sobie określone dynamizmy pozwalające na kształtowanie psychiki za pośrednictwem „czynnika trzeciego”, który ma bezpośredni wpływ na środowisko wewnętrzne i zewnętrzne człowieka, a są nimi: samoświadomość, samopotwierdzenie oraz samowychowanie. Przetwarzanie świata duchowego i psychicznego jednostki przy udziale tych predyktorów zmierza w stronę harmonizacji swojego typu podstawowego kondycji zdrowia psychicznego przy uzupełnianiu go cechami innych
EN
The author presents considerations concerning morality criteria based on cultural and philosophical prepositions. Contemporary issues, in particular bioethical ones, make us pose the questions about the hierarchy of norms and, thus, the hierarchy of activities. This automatically leads to the question about the source (or sources) of law. The basis for these considerations is Antigone by Sophocles as a masterpiece with universal message. From the text analysis one can discover the issue of tradition and its role in social life principles determination. This leads to the question about the sources of law – are they transcendental or immanent? The author points out that Antigone uses the word „law” – „νόμος”, „νόμιμα” – only in relation to the divine laws. Creon’s regulations which oppose them are described as „φρόνημα”– inventions. In this way she acknowledges the supreme character of the transcendental norm. Rejection of the reference to the transcendental leads to „absolute contradiction” in the area of prepositions and attainments of legal objectives. This notion („absolute contradiction”) was used by Joseph Ratzinger in Benedict’s Europe in the cultures crisis. It can be said that this contradiction in the modern age comes from different ways of understanding the relationship between the transcendence and science, and, consequently, law by Galileo. Therefore, the premise of absolute autonomy creates „absolute contradiction”. The attempt to overcome this obstacle is respect for the so called „immanent transcendence”, which is expressed in the natural law. However, one must first acknowledge the existence of the objective truth and the possibility of knowing it and the norm which assesses the consistency of one’s action with those reference points. This norm is one’s conscience which has its autonomy in relation to legal norms that are not based on the natural law. Without that acknowledgement the only justification of law would be mere force. In our cultural situation Antigone’s question about the sources of law and its validity as well as how to save human dignity and love remains still pending.
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