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Temperament, stress, and atrial fibrillation

100%
Maryniak A., Hasiec A., Duda B., Orczykowski M., Szumowski Ł.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2015
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vol. 46
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issue 2
223-227
EN
In some patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), the causative agent of attack is stress (AF associated with adrenergic activity). In others, AF usually begins during relax or sleep (AF associated with vagal nerve dominance). This study aimed to investigate the individual factors associated with the adrenergic or vagal type of AF. This study included 138 patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). Sixty-eight patients reported that AF was frequently triggered by stress (sympathetic-type AF) and 70 patients reported that AF usually began during relaxation or sleep (vagal-type AF). Gender, age, ejection fraction, and temperament were compared across the two groups. Temperament was evaluated using the Formal Characteristics of Behaviour-Temperament Inventory. The groups differed only in temperament. Patients with sympathetic-type AF had a higher score for emotional reactivity (p = 0.002) and perseverance (p = 0.002) temperament traits and a lower score for endurance (p = 0.003) than patients with vagal-type AF and than the average in population.
2
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Analysis of the relationship between emotion intensity and electrophysiology parameters during a voice examination of opera singers

75%
Krasnodębska P., Szkiełkowska A., Pollak A., Romaniszyn-Kania P., Bugdol M. N., Bugdol M., Mitas A. W.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2024
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vol. 37
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issue 1
84-97
EN
Objectives Emotions and stress affect voice production. There are only a few reports in the literature on how changes in the autonomic nervous system affect voice production. The aim of this study was to examine emotions and measure stress reactions during a voice examination procedure, particularly changes in the muscles surrounding the larynx. Material and Methods The study material included 50 healthy volunteers (26 voice workers – opera singers, 24 control subjects), all without vocal complaints. All subjects had good voice quality in a perceptual assessment. The research procedure consisted of 4 parts: an ear, nose, and throat (ENT)‑phoniatric examination, surface electromyography, recording physiological indicators (heart rate and skin resistance) using a wearable wristband, and a psychological profile based on questionnaires. Results The results of the study demonstrated that there was a relationship between positive and negative emotions and stress reactions related to the voice examination procedure, as well as to the tone of the vocal tract muscles. There were significant correlations between measures describing the intensity of experienced emotions and vocal tract muscle maximum amplitude of the cricothyroid (CT) and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscles during phonation and non-phonation tasks. Subjects experiencing eustress (favorable stress response) had increased amplitude of submandibular and CT at rest and phonation. Subjects with high levels of negative emotions, revealed positive correlations with SCMmax during the glissando. The perception of positive and negative emotions caused different responses not only in the vocal tract but also in the vegetative system. Correlations were found between emotions and physiological parameters, most markedly in heart rate variability. A higher incidence of extreme emotions was observed in the professional group. Conclusions The activity of the vocal tract muscles depends on the type and intensity of the emotions and stress reactions. The perception of positive and negative emotions causes different responses in the vegetative system and the vocal tract.
3
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Pilotní studie vlivu transkutánní vagové stimulace na paměť

63%
Cibulcová V., Jackowska M., Jandačková V. K.
E-psychologie (E-psychology)
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2024
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vol. 18
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issue 2
1-17
EN
Disrupted function of the autonomic nervous system, including reduced vagal modulation of parasympathetic activity, is associated with the occurrence of dementia and a decline in cognitive functions. Vagus nerve stimulation has been shown as an effective therapeutic tool for a wide range of disorders. Some studies also suggest positive effects on memory. The aim of the pilot study was to assess the feasibility of setting up the design and protocol of a study examining the impact of longterm non-invasive transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) on memory. In a single-blind randomized placebo-wait list controlled study, 13 healthy individuals (5 males, 8 females) between 20-59 were randomly assigned to active tVNS (N = 8) or sham (placebo) tVNS (N = 5). Memory was evaluated before and after 14 days of active or sham stimulation (4 hours/day) by a standardized Rey´s Auditory Verbal Learning Test. A certified device was used for stimulation. For each participant, the pre-intervention and post-intervention performance difference was calculated for immediate recall, overall short-term memory and delayed recall. The non-parametric Mann Whitney U test and effect size (Effect Size; ES) were used to statistically evaluate differences between groups. Compared with the sham tVNS group participants undergoing active tVNS have shown a statistically significant difference in immediate recall (p = .006; ES = 0,540) and overall short-term memory (p = .005; ES = 0,547) with a strong effect size. No changes were observed in delayed recall (p = .940; ES = 0,015). The results of the presented pilot study show that the study design and protocol appear to be adequate. The study also provides the first preliminary findings on the possible positive effect of long-term tVNS on memory in a non-clinical population of men and women. Results on a larger sample of individuals could contribute to elucidating the effect of tVNS on memory, which has not yet been explored.
CS
Narušená funkce autonomního nervového systému, včetně snížené vagové modulace parasympatické aktivity, souvisí s výskytem demence i úbytkem kognitivních funkcí. Stimulace vagového nervu se ukázala jako účinný terapeutický nástroj pro celou řadu poruch. Některé studie naznačují také pozitivní účinky na paměť. Cílem pilotního měření bylo posoudit proveditelnost nastavení designu a protokolu studie sledující vliv dlouhodobé transkutánní vagové stimulace (tVNS) na paměť. V jednoduše zaslepené randomizované placebem a čekáním na intervenci kontrolované studii bylo 13 zdravých jedinců (5 mužů, 8 žen) náhodně rozděleno do aktivní tVNS (N = 8) nebo falešné (placebo) tVNS (N = 5). Výkon paměti byl hodnocen standardizovaným Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test před a po 14 dnech aktivní nebo falešné (placebo) stimulace (4 hod./den). Ke stimulaci byl použit certifikovaný přístroj. Pro každého účastníka byl vypočten rozdíl výkonu před intervencí a po intervenci pro bezprostřední vybavení, celkový rozsah krátkodobé paměti a oddálené vybavení. Ke statistickému vyhodnocení rozdílů mezi skupinami byl použit neparametrický Mann Whitney U test a velikost účinku (Effect Size; ES). U participantů podstupujících aktivní tVNS ve srovnání se skupinou podstupující falešnou (placebo) tVNS se ukázal statisticky významný rozdíl u bezprostředního vybavení (p = .006; ES = 0,540) a celkového rozsahu krátkodobé paměti (p = .005 ES = 0,547) se silnou velikostí účinku. Žádné změny nebyly pozorovány u oddáleného vybavení (p = .940; ES = 0,015). Výsledky předložené pilotní studie ukazují, že nastavený design a protokol studie se zdá být adekvátní. Studie přináší také první předběžné poznatky o možném pozitivním vlivu dlouhodobé tVNS na paměť u neklinické populace mužů a žen. Výsledky na větším vzorku jedinců by mohly přispět k objasnění účinku tVNS na paměť, který není dosud prozkoumán.
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