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Badania archeologiczne w 2018 roku obok Soboru Sofijskiego w Kijowie

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Bobrows'kyj T., Sawyc'kyj W., Strychar M.

Studia Lednickie

2019

vol. 18

283-303

The necessity to conduct rescue archaeological research in the area of the St. Sophia Cathedral in Kiev complex in autumn 2018 appeared due to ground subsidence, which appeared in spring at the distance of 27 meters to the west from the north–west corner of the cathedral — at the place where modern underground constructions 4–5 meters deep from the present ground surface are located. The main aim of the excavations was to examine the cultural layering, expose the damaged section of the underground, create documentation and consolidate it. Works were conducted by the employees of the “Sophia of Kiev” National Sanctuary (Timur Bobrovs’kij, Maksym Strykhar and Volodimir Savits’kij) and they included 20m2 excavation, which was explored up to 3 m deep below the current level of exploitation. Due to the archaeological research, it was possible to explain that the ground subsidence from 2018 was created in the fill of an earlier subsided area, filled with soil and sand in the period from 1980 till the beginning of the 21st century. During excavation works the fill of the subsided area was explored and the adjacent cultural layers were also studied. On the basis of the presented layout of cultural layers and the chronology of the archaeological monuments in connection with other historical sources, it was possible to present stages of the use of this area over the centuries. 1. Skeletal burial found on calc, in the south-east corner of excavation 2m deep from the present level of use, is dated to the early Iron Age. On the pelvis bones a bronze pin in the shape of the shepherd’s rod was preserved in situ. Therefore it is possible to link this object to the representatives of the Milograd culture (the mid-first millennium B.C.). 2. Several storage pits are connected with layers from the Old Russian Age. The historic material which was found in them mainly includes pieces of clay vessels from the 11th–12th c., as well as single pieces of plinfa bricks and cobalt glass, which probably come from St. Sophia’s Cathedral. Two finds come from the cultural layer from the 14th–15th c., which may be connected to the medieval archive of the Kiev metropolis: a leaden bulla from the 12th century with the image of a bust of St. George on one side and the so-called khachar with the initials of Jesus Christ on the other, as well as a semi-product of a leaden bulla, which by comparison to Novgorod analogies can be dated to the 14th–15th century. It seems that between the 11th and 14th century the research area, despite being located near the Cathedral, did not play any significant role, and probably it served storage functions. On the other hand, a relatively high number of “elite” finds from the period of the Middle Ages (bulla and a semi-product to create a bulla, pieces of the imported glassware etc.) suggest that in the Middle Ages in the immediate proximity of the researched area there could have been an important facility, possibly the metropolitan palace building complex from the 11th–14th century. 3. The remnants of a large overground wooden building from the first half of the 18th century were observed in the excavation. It probably had a timbered construction and was built from 15–20 cm wide logs. Pieces of ceramic and glass vessels as well as flakes of the glazed tiles from the end of the 17th–first half of the 18th century come from this fi ll. Their presence indicates that it was a residential building and an outbuilding. Two copper coins — John Casimir groats with “166*” and “1666” dates were explored in this place. This building could have been erected after the fire in 1697 as a monastic flat and probably functioned till the mid-18th century, when a masonry corpus with cells was built in Sophia’s monastery. 4. Later, judging from the observed stratigraphy, the researched area did not have the defined spatial organization and no meaningful objects were located there, which is probably connected with the functioning of a cloister garden in this place. Presently there is a special protective construction over the excavation. In 2019 research will be continued. It will help to specify the chronology of cultural layers, and determine the causes of the destructive processes and prevent further degradation of the underground construction.

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1 Studia Lednickie

1 Bobrows'kyj T.

1 Sawyc'kyj W.

1 Strychar M.

1 2019

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Badania archeologiczne w 2018 roku obok Soboru Sofijskiego w Kijowie