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Podstawy ładu bankowego w polskim prawie konstytucyjnym i administracyjnym

100%
Komierzyńska-Orlińska E.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio G (Ius)
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2017
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vol. 64
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issue 1
EN
The bank order is a part of the public order in the state. However, processes of globalisation and internationalisation of financial markets nowadays have an intense effect on perception of the bank order in the wider scope – these phenomena give occasion to this problem to gain distinctly supranational character. Nevertheless, the state is still the basic legal-economic system where the foundations of this order are built, carried into effect and considered. Legal system of the state in which the foundations of this order are created and in which this order is in force can be analysed in many dimensions – among other things from the point of view of constitutional and substantive foundations of the bank order and taking into consideration the legal-organisational elements of this order. Within this paper the attention will be paid particularly to constitutional foundations of the bank order in Poland – which have its main source in the provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland which constitute foundation of the political, social and economic (and the bank) order in Poland and which are developed – within the foundations of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland – in the ordinary legislation (particularly in the public economic law and – within this branch of law – in the complex branch of bank law).
PL
Ład bankowy jest częścią ładu publicznego w państwie. Procesy globalizacji i internacjonalizacji rynków finansowych mają jednak obecnie ogromny wpływ na postrzeganie ładu bankowego szerzej – zjawiska te powodują, że problem ten zyskuje wyraźnie ponadnarodowy charakter. Pomimo tego to państwo jest nadal podstawowym układem normatywno-ekonomicznym, w którym podstawy tego ładu są tworzone, realizowane i rozpatrywane. System prawny państwa, w którym podstawy tego ładu są kreowane i w którym ten ład funkcjonuje, może zostać poddany analizie w wielu płaszczyznach, m.in. z punktu widzenia ustrojowych podstaw ładu bankowego, materialnoprawnych podstaw ładu bankowego oraz ze względu na organizacyjnoprawne elementy tego ładu. W ramach niniejszego opracowania uwaga została zwrócona w szczególności na ustrojowe podstawy ładu bankowego w Polsce, mające swoje źródło w przepisach Konstytucji RP, które stanowią fundament politycznego, społecznego i gospodarczego (w tym bankowego) ładu w Polsce, a które są rozwijane – w ramach zakreślonych przez ustawę zasadniczą – w drodze ustawodawstwa zwykłego (w szczególności zaliczanego do publicznego prawa gospodarczego, w tym do kompleksowego działu prawa bankowego).
2
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The Zombie Phenomenon in Banking and Business: a Comparative Analysis and the Origin of the Institutional Problem

71%
Hurnyak I., Kordonska A.
Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe
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2019
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vol. 22
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issue 4
111-127
PL
W artykule przedstawiono zjawisko zombie w bankowości i biznesie. Główne cele publikacji to: wyjaśnienie negatywnych konsekwencji w przypadku niespłacalnych pożyczek dla państw Europy Środkowo‑Wschodniej, Europy Zachodniej, Ameryki Łacińskiej oraz grupy byłych państw ZSRR oraz przedstawienie zjawiska firm zombie w przypadku Ukrainy, w tym ujawnienie nowej formy zombie biznesu na podstawie narzędzi pozabankowych. Autorzy twierdzą, że rozwiązaniem problemu zombie banków nie jest kontrola państwa, lecz restrukturyzacja systemu bankowego oparta na zdecentralizowanym i silnie kontrolowanym modelu oddolnym. Poza tym nieefektywność systemu instytucjonalnego generuje różne formy zombie biznesu. Przypadek Ukrainy jest doskonałą ilustracją narzędzi pozabankowych stosowanych w zombie biznesie. Artykuł podkreśla wpływ nierentownych kredytów na gospodarkę oraz perspektywy tworzenia systemu bankowego w świetle instytucjonalnym i interakcji międzyinstytucjonalnych przy aktywnym udziale niespłacalnych kredytów.
EN
The research presents an investigation of the zombie phenomenon in banking and business. The main goals are as follows: to reveal the consequences of the threatening dynamics of nonperforming loans for the states of Central and Eastern Europe, Western Europe, the group of former USSR states, and Latin America; to demonstrate the zombie business phenomenon in the case of Ukraine and disclose a new form of zombie business on the basis of different tools with exception of banking loans. The authors believe the solution to the zombie banks problem will not be found in the growth of government influence or control but in the restructuring of the banking system based on a decentralized but strongly controlled bottom‑up model. The ineffectiveness of the institutional system also generates various forms of zombie business. The case of Ukraine is the best illustration of applying the tools, that are used in zombie business, with the exception of banking loans. The article helps to understand the influence of nonperforming loans on the economy and the perspectives for banking system formation in the light of the institutional aspect and interinstitutional interactions with the active participation of NPLs.
3
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Wybrane problemy systemów bankowych w krajach wysoko rozwiniętych

71%
Klimiuk Z.
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych
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2005
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vol. 33
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issue 3
5-50
EN
The article presents some questions on bank systems in such high developed countries like Germany or the United States of America. The following problems are described:1. organization and main functions of a bank system2. management of a bank risk3. evolution of financial innovations as security techniques4. American and German bank systems' profiles The author has choosen the subjects in order to present the following message: some Polish legal regulations on financial sector functioning are still strongly connected with the old, central and bureaucratic system and even despite the new Act on Polish National Bank and another one on Bank Law it is difficult to develop our financial system in a proper way. It seems to be clear that Polish bank law must be changed. But the question is: whetherthe present law can be modified or, maybe, it is necessary to look for a completly new one. The author suggest that it could be based on one of European countries bank law. French, German or English models of bank system could be adjusted to Polish conditions. On the other hand, the Polish bank law of the interwar period could be also modified and brought closer to the present time. The author studies the experiences and directions of evolution that have been existing so far and he tries to find the answer on the question:: which model of a bank system would be the best for Poland. The bank and economic literature describe the following three basic types of bank systems existing in the world:1. English and American model2. German and Japanese one3. French one that draws from the both mentioned above Knowing the advantages and disadvantages of all of them, it seems that adoption of the German model would be the best solution for our country. It is becouse of tradition (in the iterwar period our bank system was modeled on a German one), direct neighbourhood and the fact that Germany will be our greatest economic partner in the near future. However, we can observe, that European bank systems areovercome by American models determining the standards of contemporary banking in the whole world. So, Polish bank sector must be sensitive to any institutional innovations of American banks. It is also clear that: “The chance for introducing the German model of bank system in Poland is hardly possible without the new, well-trained staff. If we do not choose the target financial system knowingly, it will be automatically pushed to the French model” (J. K. Solarz, Searching for a new model of Polish bank system, Warsaw, September 1994).
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