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Ius Novum
|
2023
|
vol. 17
|
issue 4 ENG
77-90
PL
The article discusses matters related to the issuance of the European Investigation Order (EIO) during the stage of a preparatory proceeding, the objective of which is to obtain information protected by banking secrecy from a foreign bank. Attention is drawn to the essence of this instrument of international cooperation in criminal matters and its comprehensive nature. A key problem revealed in prosecutorial and judicial practice consists of determining the entity competent to issue the European Investigation Order in the in rem phase of the preparatory proceedings. This issue also necessitates determining whether, in such a procedural situation, it is necessary to obtain the consent of the district court to access information subject to bank secrecy and whether this affects the scope of competence of the court or the prosecutor. An examination of case law and the accompanying opinions of the doctrine presented in the article reveals a non-uniform, even mutually exclusive, approach to this issue. A critical look at the presented range of views enables a clear stance on the aforementioned issues and the formulation of a de lege ferenda proposal.
EN
The purpose of the article is to provide an overview of the basics of protecting banking secrecy in the Italian legal order. It requires an analysis of criminal, civil, constitutional, and, of course, banking law norms. The choice of topic was determined by the fact that, despite the long banking tradition and the existence of a banking secrecy institution in Italy, there is no provision or legal regulation directly forcing one to to keep it. It is derived from the norms of various branches of law and is not uniformly recognised by the doctrine. Due to the extensiveness of the presented issue, it has only been outlined - an attempt has been made to highlight the most important elements that differentiate individual concepts regarding the protection of information covered by banking secrecy. The lack of clear legal basis for the institution of banking secrecy is primarily a problem of determining its scope and thus protecting public and private interests, which may be contradictory.
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wybranych koncepcji dotyczących ochrony informacji stanowiących tajemnicę bankową we włoskim porządku prawnym. Powyższe wymagało przeanalizowania regulacji prawa karnego, cywilnego, konstytucyjnego oraz – co oczywiste – prawa bankowego. Wybór tematu podyktowany został tym, iż pomimo długiej tradycji bankowości oraz istnienia instytucji tajemnicy bankowej we Włoszech, brak w tamtejszych regulacjach prawnych przepisu wprost nakładającego obowiązek jej zachowania. Wywodzony on jest z norm różnych gałęzi prawa i niejednolicie postrzegany przez doktrynę. Brak wyraźnych podstaw prawnych instytucji tajemnicy bankowej przekłada się przede wszystkim na problem określenia jej zakresu, a co za tym idzie, ochrony interesów: publicznego i prywatnego, które mogą okazać się sprzeczne.
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