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Bariery kulturowe w słowackim przekładzie "Ferdydurke" Witolda Gombrowicza

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Buczek M.

Przekłady Literatur Słowiańskich

2012

vol. 3

issue 1

164-183

Príspevok predstavuje problém kultúrnych bariér v slovenskom preklade románu Ferdydurke Witolda Gombrowicza, ktorý bol publikovaný v novom prijímacom horizonte v roku 2004. Roman bol preložený dobré známym slovenským prekladateľom Jozefom Marušiakom. Autorka článku popisuje prekladateľské stratégie, ktoré boli využité prekladateľom, aby prekonať kultúrnu bariéru a rekonštruovať cudzie mentálne mechanizmy vpísané v cudziu kultúru. Používané v procese reinterpretácie významov originálu stratégie sú: stratégia doslovnosti, ktorá sa spája so stratégiou neutralizácie cudzích kultúrnych faktorov. Otázkou sa stáva, čí je možne preložiť komplikovanú prózu Witolda Gombrowicza do slovenčiny a reinterpretovať implikované v texte kultúrne faktory, čí nie sú bariérou v procese prekladu.

The article presents the problem of cultural barriers in Slovak translation of Witold Gombrowicz’s Ferdydurke which was published in a new translation horizon in 2004. The roman was translated by a very well known Slovak translator — Jozef Marušiak. The author of the article shows the translation strategies which were used by him to overcome cultural barriers and reconstruct foreign mental mechanisms as part of different culture. The strategies exploited in the process of reinterpretation of the original meanings were the literal strategy combined with the strategy of neutralization of foreign cultural facts. The question is if it is possible to translate complicated prose of Witold Gombrowicz to Slovak and reinterpret implicated in the original text cultural facts and whether they constitute the cultural barrier in the process of translation.

Tożsamość Čefura w polskim przekładzie powieści Gorana Vojnovicia pt. "Čefurji raus!"

100%

Gawlak M.

Przekłady Literatur Słowiańskich

2012

vol. 3

issue 1

13-31

Roman Gorana Vojnovića "Čefurji raus!" v poljskem prevodu Tomasza Łukaszewicza je za poljskega bralca nedvomno priložnost za soočenje s kulturno drugačnostjo, hkrati pa pred njim odpira pomembno problematiko iskanja identitete v okvirih večkulturnosti. Prevajalec se je lotil zelo težke in ambiciozne naloge. Težave, s katerimi se je moral soočiti, so v primeru prevajanja romana, ki se loteva problematike večkulturnosti in subkulture, multiplicirane. Primerjalna analiza izvirnika in prevoda romana je pokazala, da dobiva identiteta čefurja v prevodu univerzalnejše poteze kot v izvirniku. Do tega je prišlo predvsem zaradi kulturne bariere, ki jo predstavlja za prevajalca v primeru tega romana velika raznolikost jezika, pač glede na narodnostno pripadnost literarnih junakov. Ta diferenciacija je nosilka bistvenih informacij in izvir identifikacije junakov, kar pa je v prevodu zreducirano. Žal ni se prevajalec potrudil, da bi individualiziral govorico junakov z raznimi rejestri jezika in različno močjo slenga, komizma ali vulgarizma. Nekatere prevajalčeve odločitve tudi ali zaostrujejo opozicijo svoji — tuji, na podlagi katere junaki definirajo svoj odnos do okolice in oblikujejo lastno identiteto, ali pa poudarjajo familiarni značaj relacij, obstoječih na obrobju čefurske družbe. Na stilistični ravni je jezik junakov vulgarnejši in skromnejši glede števila komičnih elementov, zaradi česar se zdi čefur v poljski recepciji bolj obscen in manj senzibilen. Omenjene premike signalizirajo nezadostljive retorično-pragmatične kompetence prevajalca. Zaradi nastalih pomenskih izgub postanejo izrazitejše univerzalne lastnosti junaka, roman pa se zdi za sekundarnega sprejemnika atraktiven — saj se z obravnavano problematiko lažje poistoveti.

Goran Vojnovic’s novel "Čefurji raus!" in Tomasz Łukaszewicz’s Polish translation is undoubtedly an opportunity to commune with cultural otherness, and, simultaneously, it touches upon the issue of seeking one’s identity in the face of multiculturalism. The translator undertook a very difficult and ambitious task. In the translation of the novel, which deals with the issue of multiculturalism and subculture, the difficulties the translator is confronted with are being multiplied. The comparative analysis of the original and the translation of the novel reveals that Čefur’s identity in the translation has gained more universal frames than in the original. It is mainly because of the cultural barrier which, for the translator, is a strong differentiation between main characters’ language in terms of their nationality. It is a means of conveying vital information as well as a source of characters’ identification which in the original is reduced. Unfortunately the translator did not make an attempt to individualize the characters’ speech using, for example, different language registers or elements of slang, humour, or vulgarity. At the same time, some of the translator’s choices either sharpen the opposition friend-stranger on the basis of which the characters define their attitude to the surroundings and shape their own identity or enhance the familiar character of the relations which take place within Čefurian community. At the stylistic level, the main characters’ language is more crude and limited in comic elements. And thus, in the Polish context, Čefur appears to be more obscene and less sensitive. These displacements give evidence to the translator’s inefficient rhetorical and pragmatic abilities. Despite the fact that, as a consequence of semantic losses the universal features of the main character’s identity are clearer, the novel may become attractive to secondary readers because of the possibility of identification with the analysed issue.

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2 Przekłady Literatur Słowiańskich

1 Buczek M.

1 Gawlak M.

2 2012

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Bariery kulturowe w słowackim przekładzie "Ferdydurke" Witolda Gombrowicza

Tożsamość Čefura w polskim przekładzie powieści Gorana Vojnovicia pt. "Čefurji raus!"