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Air Terrorism as a Threat to the Safety of Air Transport

100%
Pająk J.
Safety & Defense
|
2020
|
vol. 2
123-130
EN
The author of this article addresses the issue of the threat posed to air transport security by air terrorism. The main goal of this article is to identify the specific threats arising from air terrorism and examine their implications for the functioning of air transport as a whole. The dangers posed by attacks using hijacked light aircraft as well as large passenger airliners are highlighted. The article is based on the literature study and the author’s own analyses of the issue.
2
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Bezpieczeństwo lotów a komunikacja w załodze lotniczej

100%
Goździcki T.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio J – Paedagogia-Psychologia
|
2017
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vol. 30
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issue 2
EN
Cabin crew communication is the basis for safe and effective action in civil and military aviation. The article includes the basic terms, types and elements of communication process characteristic for the aircraft crew’s work environment. Special attention was paid to the role of the crew commander, who is responsible for the overall activities concerning the flight operation. The aim of this study were the principles of communication between crew members and air traffic control services.
PL
Komunikacja w załodze lotniczej jest fundamentem bezpiecznego i efektywnego wykonywania zadań w lotnictwie cywilnym i wojskowym. W artykule zostały opisane podstawowe pojęcia, rodzaje i elementy procesu komunikowania się w aspekcie pracy załogi statku powietrznego. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na rolę dowódcy załogi, który jest głównym kreatorem, odpowiedzialnym za całość czynności związanych z działalnością lotniczą. Scharakteryzowano ponadto zasady komunikacji między członkami załogi oraz służbami kontroli ruchu lotniczego.
3
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Methodology for the Performance Evaluation of Airspace Use by Military Aviation

100%
Markiewicz T. M.
Safety & Defense
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2022
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vol. 2
EN
This paper aims to present the evolution of methods for measuring and evaluating the effectiveness of flexible use of airspace by military aviation in terms of the air navigation services performance scheme in European Union countries. Airspace management, which is a part of air traffic management, takes into account the operational needs of civil and military aviation without favouring either of them. However, some military aviation operations cannot be safely interconnected with civil aviation operations as they differ in nature and purpose. There is, therefore, a requirement to set aside airspace for exclusive military use to accommodate such operations. Military aviation must also use airspace in the most efficient and effective manner when conducting its operations. The existing situation provides a rationale for improving the methodology for assessing the efficiency of airspace use by military aviation, regardless of the requirements of the performance scheme for air navigation services intended for civil aviation. This article reviews the development of performance assessment methodologies in the field in question. The findings show considerable variation in the methods used, suggesting the need to establish standard procedures for collecting and processing performance data related to airspace used by military aviation.
4
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Lone Wolves as a Threat to Aviation Security: Typology, Tactics, Development Prospects

100%
Posłuszna E.
Safety & Defense
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2021
|
vol. 1
83-91
EN
This paper discusses the threats related to the development of the phenomenon known as lone wolf violence. Its main goal is to analyze lone wolves' activities, particularly their tactics in carrying out actions that pose a threat to aviation safety. The primary method used for the main argument of the paper, interdisciplinary modeling of the determinants of violence, allows for formulating forecasts on the development of lone wolves phenomenon in the most important context for those predictions, i.e., changeability of used means. This inventiveness comes down to disorganized forms of functioning (leaderless resistance) and the methods used in fighting, both of which stem from considerable power disproportions between lone wolves (terrorists) and states. The development of violence among lone wolves is analyzed from the perspective of this constantly changing tactical and technological means. This paper is of both explanatory and prognostic nature. It consists of five parts. The first is dedicated to providing theoretical background and depicting case studies that serve as a starting point for the following analyses. The second section is dedicated to a brief description of used methods. Next, the types of lone wolves' activities are characterized and examined. In section four, the current and potential tactics employed by terrorists are analyzed. This paper concludes with the author's prognosis regarding the future development of this phenomenon.
5
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An Analysis of Rope Tension Forces While Towing a Sailplane

100%
Wojnar T., Stołtny B.
Safety & Defense
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2022
|
vol. 2
EN
This article presents a model of a rope, which is an example of a rope used when a glider takes off by means of towing with the use of an aerial winch, winding the rope attached to the glider. The finite element method used in MESH software was used for the model. This method allows us to take into account not only bending flexibility but also longitudinal flexibility. Such an approach to the subject of simulation allows for obtaining results relatively quickly while maintaining an appropriate level of accuracy. This allows for further exploration of the phenomena occurring in the glider towing process. The construction of a fast algorithm enables its implementation in the glider towing process control systems. The aim of this article is to present numerical analyzes of commonly used tow ropes. This paper presents the results of the analysis of the synthetic rope commonly used in gliding, comparing the obtained results with the classic steel rope.
6
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Security of the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi

100%
Radomyski A.
Safety & Defense
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2021
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vol. 1
93-106
EN
Given the fact that major sporting events such as the Olympic Games attract attention all over the world, the aspect of their security has become even more important, especially after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Organizers of this type of mass sports event treat the issue of safety as top priority. The paper examines the empirical data from scientific publications, press releases and formal government documents that pertain to Russia's preparation to properly secure the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics in terms of security. The aim of this article was to identify the threats to the Winter Olympics in Sochi and to characterize the security system organized by Russia against this background. The conducted research confirmed that the greatest threat in Russia was the high activity of national liberation groups, fighters and terrorists from the Sochi area, which clearly intensified in the period preceding the Olympics. In addition, the security system created by Russia involved many different state bodies, including agencies, police and law enforcement services, and the army. Based on the research, it can be concluded that the security system created in Sochi may be a good example for other countries that will try to organize the Olympic Games in the future.
7

Instytucjonalne i organizacyjne aspekty bezpieczeństwa w portach lotniczych Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej

80%
Zając G.
Przegląd Europejski
|
2022
|
issue 2(64)
79-94
PL
Głównym celem badawczym niniejszego artykułu jest analiza współczesnego systemu organizacji bezpieczeństwa i ochrony w portach lotniczych w Polsce. Celem tekstu jest również przybliżenie czytelnikowi instytucji działających w portach lotniczych, które odpowiedzialne są za zapewnienie i utrzymanie wysokich standardów bezpieczeństwa. Analiza poparta jest przedstawieniem aktualnych przepisów międzynarodowych, europejskich oraz krajowych w tym zakresie. Autor wnioskuje, że poziom bezpieczeństwa w polskich portach lotniczych jest wysoki, a wpływ na ten stan ma efektywne zarządzanie systemem bezpieczeństwa i ochrony oraz wdrażanie i utrzymanie najwyższych standardów bezpieczeństwa ustalanych i rekomendowanych przez międzynarodowe organizacje lotnicze i instytucje działające w tym obszarze.
EN
The main research purpose of this article is to analyse the contemporary system of safety and security organisation at airports in Poland. The aim of the text is also to familiarise the reader with institutions operating at airports, which are responsible for ensuring and maintaining high safety standards. This analysis is supported by the presentation of current international, European and national regulations in this area. The author concludes that the level of safety at Polish airports is high, and this condition is influenced by the effective management of the safety and security system, as well as the implementation and maintenance of the highest safety standards established and recommended by international aviation organisations and institutions operating in this area.
8
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Pekińska reforma lotniczego prawa karnego – geneza, istota, rekomendacje

61%
Walulik J.
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny
|
2013
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vol. 75
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issue 3
35-47
EN
The paper deals with criminal air law and its current reform. First, the author summarises the present state of international criminal air law. This includes a review of its general characteristics and of the key provisions of relevant conventions, and their incorporation in national laws. Next, certain drawbacks of regulations regarded to be the prerequisites for the reform are presented. This is followed by a description of the innovative solutions of the acts adopted at the international conference in Beijing in 2010 (i.e. the Beijing Convention and the Beijing Protocol), currently awaiting their entry into force and ratification in Poland. In conclusion, the author makes his own recommendations and remarks regarding the implementation of these acts in Poland and indicates some optional solutions and possible amendments the national criminal law.
PL
Artykuł poświęcony jest problematyce lotniczego prawa karnego i aktualnym przemianom w tym zakresie. Autor podsumowuje bieżący kształt systemu międzynarodowego karnego prawa lotniczego i omawia jego ogólną charakterystykę, najważniejsze postanowienia obowiązujących konwencji oraz wdrażające je przepisy krajowe. Ponadto wskazuje wady obowiązujących regulacji, które wymienia się jako przesłanki reformy. W drugiej części opracowania autor opisuje nowatorskie rozwiązania aktów przyjętych podczas międzynarodowej konferencji w Pekinie w 2010 r., tj. konwencji pekińskiej oraz protokołu pekińskiego, obecnie oczekujących na wejście w życie oraz ratyfikację w kraju. Podsumowanie artykułu stanowią rekomendacje i uwagi dotyczące implementacji tych aktów w Polsce. Obejmują one wskazania co do przyjęcia pewnych rozwiązań fakultatywnych oraz ewentualnych zmian w prawie karnym.
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