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Współpraca gospodarcza Polski i Ukrainy

100%
Kuspys P.
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
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2008
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vol. 223
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issue 4
41-57
EN
The article focuses on economic cooperation between Poland and Ukraine. The author analyzes documents and legal regulations governing this cooperation. The paper compares statistical data on trade between the two countries and bilateral investment in industry, financial services and the energy sector. The main purpose of the paper is to show that bilateral economic relations are stable and testify to the existence of a strategic partnership between Poland and Ukraine. The analysis of bilateral agreements reveals that the existing legal framework is sufficiently developed to encourage further investment and economic cooperation between Poland and Ukraine. Moreover, many Polish investment projects in Ukraine and Ukrainian projects in Poland confirm that there is a high level of mutual interest. Another conclusion is that the limited capacity of the Polish-Ukrainian border poses a major obstacle to the development of bilateral cooperation. To remedy this problem, it is necessary to make better use of all available legal instruments and introduce joint customs and border clearance at all border crossings between the two countries, Kuspys says.
2
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Lost Credibility: Who Should Be Blamed for the Increasing Support for Separatism in Catalonia?

88%
Coufalová L.
Politologická revue (Czech Political Science Review)
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2017
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issue 1
133-159
EN
The recent growth of the Catalan separatist movement is traditionally interpreted as a consequence of the bad economic performance of the region, or rather the whole country. This paper, however, aims to prove that despite the economy’s unquestionable role in the intensification of the nationalist conflict there may be other important factors involved. One of them is the case of the central government’s loss of credibility and grievances felt by the Catalan people. This may have led to an increase in separatist tendencies. On the other hand, the general political environment can be seen as a determinant of bilateral trade. Therefore, the bad relations between Catalonia and Spain and the increasing separatism in Catalonia aff ect negatively the mutual trade links between the region and the rest of the country. However, this effect acts in both directions, as trade diversification and internationalization may also have encouraged separatism. The lack of credibility of the government of Mariano Rajoy and the Popular Party has resulted in responses by the inhabitants of Catalonia which are the completely opposite of those expected by the prime minister and his party. The absence of dialogue from the central government encourages the separatist movement rather than discouraging it, and threats act as a very strong motivator for those who desire an independent Catalan state.
3

China’s Trade Policy Towards Central and Eastern Europe in the 21St Century, Example of Poland

88%
Drelich-Skulska B., Bobowski S., Jankowiak A. H., Skulski P.
Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia
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2014
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vol. 14
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issue 1
149-174
EN
The aim of this paper is to present China’s economic model and discuss, in this context, bilateral trade and investment relations between China and Poland. The analysis presented herein is based on the strategy of cooperation with countries of Central and Eastern Europe, as presented by China’s Prime Minister, and on the growing importance of Poland as a main partner of China in the Central and Eastern Europe region. The paper describes main premises of the Chinese economic model, followed by a diagnosis of Chinese economy. The authors analyze the main directions of China’s foreign cooperation, placing the emphasis on relations with Poland.
4
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The Role of China’s Exchange Rate on the Trade Balance of Sub‑Saharan Africa: a Gravity Model Approach

63%
Khan H., Khan U., Jiang L. J., Khan M. A., Hasanat Shah S.
Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe
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2019
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vol. 22
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issue 4
57-72
PL
Niniejsze opracowanie prezentuje rezultaty badania wpływu kursu walutowego Chin na bilans handlowy 41 państw Afryki Subsaharyjskiej w latach 1994–2016. Przy zastosowaniu rozszerzonego modelu grawitacyjnego, pogrupowane i niepogrupowane wyniki badania potwierdzają słuszność podejścia elastycznościowego i absorpcyjnego do bilansu handlowego. Podobnie test wrażliwości, dokonany poprzez podział analizowanego okresu na dwa podokresy (2005–2016 i 1994–2004), potwierdza słuszność podejścia elastycznościowego i absorpcyjnego do bilansu handlowego.
EN
This study seeks to investigate theimpactof China’sexchange rate onthe trade balance of 41 Sub‑aharan African countries for the period from 1994 to 2016. Using an augmented gravity model, the grouped and ungrouped results of the study confirm the elasticity and absorption approaches of the trade balance. Similarly, the robustness check, by dividing the sample period into two sub‑eriods (2005–016 and 1994–004), also confirms the elasticity and absorption approaches of the trade balance.
5

Poland’s Trade with East Asia: An Outlier Approach

63%
Tseng S.-M.
Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia
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2015
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vol. 15
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issue 2
81-100
EN
Poland achieved an excellent reputation for economic transformation during the recent global recession. The European debt crisis, however, quickly forced the reorientation of Poland’s trade outside of the European Union (EU), especially toward the dynamic region of East Asia. This study analyzes time series data from 1999 to 2013 to detect outliers in order to determine the bilateral trade paths between Poland and each East Asian country during the events of Poland’s accession to the EU in 2004, the global financial crisis from 2008 to 2009, and the European debt crisis from 2010 to 2013. From the Polish standpoint, the results showed significantly clustering outliers in the above periods and in the general trade paths from dependence through distancing and improvement to the chance of approaching East Asian partners. This study also shows that not only China but also several other countries present an excellent opportunity for boosting bilateral trade, especially with regard to Poland’s exports.
6
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A Gravity Model Approach towards Pakistan’s Bilateral Trade with SAARC Countries

51%
Jan W. U., Shah M.
Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe
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2019
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vol. 22
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issue 4
23-38
PL
W artykule podjęto próbę oszacowania wielkości bilateralnej wymiany handlowej Pakistanu z krajami SAARC przy użyciu grawitacyjnego modelu handlu. Niniejsze badanie panelowe obejmuje okres od 2003 do 2016 r. Wyniki empiryczne uzyskano za pomocą metody najmniejszych kwadratów (pooled OLS), metody efektów stałych i estymatorów efektów losowych. Z uwagi na wyniki testu Hausmana w pracy skoncentrowano się wyłącznie na ustaleniach modelu efektów stałych. Badania empiryczne wskazują, że zarówno PKB Pakistanu, jak i państwa partnerskiego, mają pozytywny wpływ na wielkość wymiany handlowej. Wielkość rynku ma negatywny wpływ na handel i jest to uzasadnione z uwagi na występowanie efektu absorpcji. Podobnie odległość i kurs wymiany są również ujemnie skorelowane z wielkością wymiany handlowej. Badanie wykazało, że pomimo wspólnej granicy wielkość wymiany handlowej Pakistanu z Indiami i Afganistanem jest bardzo niska. Wspólny język ma pozytywny, ale nieznaczny wpływ na wielkość wymiany handlowej Pakistanu. W artykule podjęto również próbę obliczenia potencjału handlowego Pakistanu. Wyniki tego badania wskazują, że Pakistan ma duży potencjał handlowy w relacjach ze wszystkimi krajami członkowskimi SAARC, z wyjątkiem Malediwów i Afganistanu.
EN
This research paper attempts to estimate the bilateral trade of Pakistan with SAARC countries using a gravity model of trade. This panel study covers the period from 2003 to 2016. The empirical results are obtained through pooled OLS, fixed‑effects, and random‑effects estimators. On the basis of Hausman test results, the paper concentrates only on the findings of the fixed‑effects model. The empirical findings reveal that the GDPs of both Pakistan and the partner country have a positive impact on bilateral trade. Market size has a negative impact on trade and this is justified on the basis of the absorption effect. Similarly, distance and exchange rate also have a negative correlation with bilateral trade. The study finds that Pakistan has very low trade with India and Afghanistan, despite the common border. A common language has a positive but insignificant impact on Pakistan’s bilateral trade. The Paper also attempts to calculate the trade potential of Pakistan. The findings reveal that Pakistan has high trade potential with all SAARC member countries except the Maldives and Afghanistan.
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