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Zasada zwrotu kosztów usług wodnych i jej znaczenie prawne

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Rotko J.
Studia Prawnicze
|
2016
|
issue 2 (206)
123-136
EN
The new draft Act on Water Law provides for significant changes to the system for collecting environmental charges for water use. Their aim is, on the one hand, to eliminate the existing exemptions from the charges and, on the other hand, to increase their rates for those entities that already incur them. The changes to be introduced are justified by the need to ensure that the principle of recovery of the costs of water services, provided for in Article 9 of Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy, is fully taken into account. Since the principle has not been extensively analysed in the Polish legal literature, the article addresses closely the directions of its interpretations presented in German science. Most of them refer to the dispute between two authors: Herwig Unnerstall and Süleyman Kolcu. In its conclusion, the provisions of the draft Act concerning this principle are assessed on a preliminary basis and the discerned legislative deficiencies are indicated.
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Deficyty polskiego ustawodawstwa w zakresie przeciwdziałania mowie nienawiści i przestępstwom z nienawiści

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Gliszczyńska-Grabias A.
Studia Prawnicze
|
2014
|
issue 1 (197)
113-128
EN
The phenomenon of hate speech and hate crimes is not easily captured in the legal definitions and is often described as controversial due to the difficulties with identifying the “hateful element” of words and deeds. Another significant reason for the difficulties concerning penalisation in the area in question is the strict (and for many unjustified) limitation imposed on freedom of speech, assembly and association, which are the freedoms most often affected by the anti-hate provisions of law. Nevertheless the obligations included in the international human rights law oblige Polish legislators to introduce and implement proper mechanisms of counteracting these extremely negative and socially dangerous phenomenon. However, many questions arise: Are the international standards of human rights law fully reflected in the Polish legal provisions and practice? How are the areas demanding alteration and endorsement being defined? What are the obstacles that unable the process of protecting all groups particularly endangered by hate speech and hate crimes? Are the provisions of law a sufficient and effective barrier against spreading hatred in the public sphere? This article seeks to answer all the questions posed above. It also attempts to demonstrate the complexity of the analysed problems, placing them in the centre of the gene-ral discussion on tolerance, minorities protection and the functions of the antidiscrimination law within democratic state and society.
3

Podmiot właściwy w zakresie obowiązku notyfikacji poselskich projektów ustaw

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Lichocki J.
Studia Prawnicze
|
2015
|
issue 1 (201)
167-186
EN
The author provides an analysis of the issue who should be competent to the notification of the parliamentarian draft bills. The article examines meaning of the notification in different areas of law, particularly international and European Union law. Apart from general remarks on the meaning of notification in the context of principle of loyalty, the analysis shows the character of this institution in connection with the consequences of a breach of the due notification. The author focuses on three main types of the procedure of the notification: notification of the state aid, notification of the technical standards and regulations and notification of the draft legislative provisions falling within the European Central Bank’s field of competence. The analysis shows that there is no complex regulation in polish system of law according to the notification procedure. Due to the need to avoid the problems associated with the breach of the due notification author presents his view on the issue who should notify the parliamentarian draft bills and puts forward a number of arguments supporting the conception of the significant role of the sponsor of the bill in procedure of notification.
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