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EN
On the Application of Oral History and the Category of the Generation in Historical Studies Despite the passage of time controversies about the “March events” in Poland have not ceased. The development of the humanities provides new instruments useful for analysing successive dimensions of the events of March 1968. The most recent publication by Piotr Osęka (My, ludzie z Marca. Autoportret pokolenia ’68, Wołowiec 2015) attempts to expand our knowledge about the events in question from the viewpoint of oral history and research into the generation phenomenon. The author collected several score interviews with participants of student protests in Polish schools of higher learning, and subsequently analysed them in a cross-examination so as to discover the most important similarities and differences in the biographical narrations of his interlocutors. The amassed interviews created a sui generis self-portrait of the Polish generation ’68, whose rhythm was delineated by consecutive stages in the life of its members - childhood, adolescence, revolt, repressions, and existence after March 1968. The capably written attractive book gives, at the same time, rise to certain doubts about its theoretical and source foundations. Within this context it becomes crucial to ask: how is one to understand the generation category, of key rank for the publication, and to what extent does the convention, accepted by the author, of making use of the instrumentarium of oral history pass the test in searches for a self-portrait of the protagonists of March ’68?
PL
Mimo upływu lat nie milkną spory, czym były „wydarzenia marcowe” w Polsce. Rozwój nauk humanistycznych dostarcza nowych narzędzi, przy pomocy których analizowane są kolejne wymiary Marca ’68. Najnowsza praca Piotra Osęki jest próbą poszerzenia naszej wiedzy o tamtych wydarzeniach w perspektywie historii mówionej oraz badań nad zjawiskiem pokolenia. Autor zgromadził w sumie kilkadziesiąt wywiadów z uczestnikami protestów studenckich na polskich uczelniach, a następnie poddał je krzyżowej analizie w celu odnalezienia najważniejszych podobieństw i różnic w biograficznych narracjach swoich interlokutorów. Zebrane razem wywiady złożyły się na swoisty autoportret pokolenia ’68 nad Wisłą, którego rytm wyznaczają kolejne etapy w życiu bohaterów pracy - dzieciństwo, dojrzewanie, bunt, represje, życie po Marcu. Sprawnie i z werwą napisana książką wywołuje równocześnie pewne wątpliwości co do jej podstaw teoretycznych i źródłowych. W tym kontekście kluczowe wydają się pytania: jak można rozumieć kluczową dla pracy kategorię pokolenia oraz w jakim stopniu przyjęta przez Autora konwencja wykorzystania instrumentarium historii mówionej sprawdza się w poszukiwaniach autoportretu „ludzi z Marca”?
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Radost z vícejazyčnosti

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EN
The phenomenon of multilingualism can currently be observed and analyzed from various perspectives which are identified and summarized in this article. Multilingualism is of interest for psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, neurolinguistics, conversation analysis and discourse analysis, as well as for researchers working with language management, and phenomena including bilingualism, diglossia and code-switching are the objects of research. This article emphasizes the approaches used in two recent publications: Život s více jazyky (Life with Multiple Languages, 2011) by Ivo Vasiljev and Nejen jazykem českým: Studie o vícejazyčnosti v literatuře (Not Just in Czech: Studies on Multilingualism in Literature, 2011) by Petr Mareš. Ivo Vasiljev’s book is a language autobiography, yet it cannot be considered a mere personal testimony, because the biographic method is established in the social sciences as an important qualitative research method. Petr Mareš, for whom the use of more than one language in Czech literature has been a major long-term research topic, views multilingualism as the bearer of the aesthetic function and as a means of achieving heterogeneity in text structure. Though the perspectives guiding the two books differ greatly, the two authors share a common quest for connections between Czech and other languages (including various varieties of Czech and its overall stratification).
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