Search results

1

Use of criminalistics and forensic sciences at ensuring the population security

100%

Porada V., Straus J.

Security Dimensions: International & National Studies

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2014

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vol. 11(11)

106-114

EN

In paper there are well-ordered given present directions of development forensic biomechanics. The author carried out the analysis of 100 expert opinions performed since 1994 in professional field “Criminalist, subject field forensic biomechanics” in cases that were concluded by court authority. According to analysis of needs of practice and expert investigations the author gives real prediction of further directions of research in forensic biomechanics. Forensic biomechanics invokes in investigation process, particularly violent criminal acts; by expert investigation it may come to conclusion on mechanisms of criminal act, action of extrinsic force and expression to consequences of this extrinsic force. Directions of development of forensic biomechanics are given by author in following applications - biomechanics of fall from high, judgment of extreme dynamic burden of organism, biomechanical analysis of fall from stand on a ground or fall from stairs, biomechanical analysis of walk and analysis of conflict combat. These directions represent 90% of all processed expert opinion.

2

Significance of Preventive Behaviour in the Context of a Correct Body Posture in Violin Students

100%

Kruszyńska-Szwedo J., Miller-Banaś A., Guzik-Kopyto A., Michnik R.

The New Educational Review

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2024

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vol. 75

164-175

EN

One of the important elements of musical education is correct body posture and the ability to properlay use the motor organ to play. This work presented the possibility of applying biomechanical tests to support and enhance the education of playing instruments. The results showed that it is possible to perform such an assessment based on measurements of the body’s centre mass (COM) and loads exerted on the feet. The measurement data collected in this way enables quantitative evaluation of the body posture and the COM movement during the playing activity.

3

Measurement of Angular Parameters and Velocities of the Upper Limb Segments in Tennis Using Inertial Motion Sensors for the Purposes of the Didactic Process

88%

WOŁOSZYN F.

Edukacja-Technika-Informatyka

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2019

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vol. 10

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issue 1

302-309

EN

The aim of the study is to show differences in accurate and missed forehand and backhand strokes in tennis, as a feedback for coaches, teachers and players. The main assumptions of the study are to show the values of angular parameters and velocity, as well as to analyse every phase of a stroke. The priority in the study is to show how the abovementioned parameters affect the accuracy and velocity of forehand and backhand strokes. Material and research methods: A professional tennis player was tested using the individual case method and kinematic analysis. The motion capture system (MCS) was used for research purposes using inertial motion sensors. Results: Strokes were analysed to demonstrate the angular parameters and velocities of selected upper limb segments. Three upper limb segments were taken into account, i.e. the right hand, the right forearm and the right shoulder. The results of the angles and velocities achieved by individual segments were analysed in three axes of the body: X, Y, Z. The results concern the beginning of the acceleration phase, the end of the acceleration phase, i.e. the moment of impact, and the final, follow-through phase. Conclusion: The results show that a stroke can be accurate despite a significant change in angle and velocity. This situation applies to both forehand and backhand strokes.

4

Co-evolution of the upper limbs of early hominids and the origins of stonecraft

88%

Piątkowska K.

Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia

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2014

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vol. 9

11-77

EN

This article discusses the subject of manipulative skills of early hominids in the context of stone toolmaking capabilities. A juxtaposition of morphological characteristics of fossilised bones with precise technological analyses, in particular studies on operational sequences (chaîne opératoire) and debitage reassembly, allows us to determine which movement sequences were necessary to make tools. Analyses of the upper extremities of hominini are based on the comparison with well-studied principles which govern the functioning of the upper limb of Homo sapiens. Detailing the biomechanics of lithic reduction (stone knapping) by Homo sapiens enabled us to establish the required sequence of movements. This was compared with technological analyses of Lower Paleolithic materials. Based on biomechanical and technological studies we arrived at a number of characteristics in the morphological structure of upper limbs which could make it easier to specify which species had been capable of making tools. The set of characteristics was compared with data from analyses of fossilised bones of early hominids

5

Upper limb analysis measured by inertial measurement unit tool: a case report

88%

Filip Wołoszyn F., Anna Czmi A.

European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine

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2019

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issue 1

94-100

EN

Introduction. This article reports differences in accurate and inaccurate forehand and backhand strokes in tennis. The tests were carried out on a professional tennis player. The duration of a stroke, the heights of the individual segments of the right upper limb and differences in the heights of the segments at the beginning and at the end of every phase of stroke were examined. Aim. The major aim of the work was to expose upper limb disparity in stokes. Description of the case report. The research tool was inertial motion sensors (IMS) based on an accelerometer, a gyroscope and a magnetometer. A professional tennis player was examined using the individual case method and kinematic analysis. Results. The analysis concerned the average time to perform forehand and backhand strokes during all phases of the stroke, i.e. preparation, acceleration and follow-through phases. The average heights of the individual upper limb segments during a stroke were also taken into account. The results of the study are meant to show how the movement of the upper limb affects the accuracy and velocity of a stroke. Conclusion. The movements of individual segments in some accurate strokes were similar to those in inaccurate strokes.

6

Types of falls and strategies for maintaining stability on an unstable surface

75%

Błażkiewicz M., Wiszomirska I., Kaczmarczyk K., Wit A.

Medycyna Pracy

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2018

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vol. 69

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issue 3

245-252

EN

Background Falls constitute an important health issue. They cause significant morbidity, mortality and have marked psychological effects on the individual, too. The aim of this study has been to determine parameters describing human movement strategies for balance and the reaction if balance is lost as a result of an unstable ground, and to attempt to describe the types of falls. Material and Methods The study group comprised 20 volunteers. Kinematic parameters of falling and dynamic stability were measured using the Vicon Motion System and the Biodex Balance System SD. During the test, subjects stood for 20 s on the tilting platform. The analysis was conducted based on the first recordings, when the participants were not prepared for the event and their reactions were natural. A cluster analysis tool was applied to divide the behavior of people during the test. Results Based on motion range for kinematic parameters, the cluster analysis revealed 2 types of human behavior: falling (stepping) and restoring balance. Two types of falls were also observed: side and back falls. Moreover, on the basis of angular values for tilting plate, 4 zones were determined. The frequency of access to these zones by each joint revealed 3 strategies to maintain balance: ankle, knee and hip strategy. Conclusions A set of initial conditions that may be used for future numerical simulations was also determined. Furthermore, the results presented in this study are likely to support the analysis of the effects and the falling patterns. Med Pr 2018;69(3):245–252

7

Związek siły kończyn rozwijanej w warunkach statyki z ich masą mięśniową u studentek fizjoterapii

75%

Mroczkowski A.

Rocznik Lubuski

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2018

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vol. 44

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issue 2a

341-353

EN

The aim of the article was to determine the relationship between the sums of strengths and of bending and straightening moment strengths of the upper and lower limbs in static conditions and their muscle mass in women. The study involved 27 women students of physiotherapy, day-course, at Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa (State Higher Vocational School) in Konin. Strength measurements were performed using a tensometric dynamometer mounted on the supporting frame. The quantitative measurements of bo¬dy composition were performed with the Tanita BC-148 Segmental Body Composition Analyzer. Taking into consideration the aim of this study, the authors carried out a de-tailed quantitative analysis of limb muscle mass. The results revealed a high positive, significant correlation between lower limb muscle mass and the sum of strengths and of bending and straightening moment strengths of the knee and hip joints as well as of the plantar flexion of the ankle joint in static conditions. For the upper limb, equally high positive and significant correlation was revealed between its muscle mass and the sum of strengths and bending and straightening moment strengths of the elbow and arm joints.

PL

Celem pracy było określenie związku u kobiet sumy sił i momentów sił rozwijanych podczas zginania i prostowania kończyny dolnej i górnej w warunkach statyki z ich masą mięśniową. Badania przeprowadzono na 27-osobowej grupie kobiet studiujących fizjoterapię systemem stacjonarnym w Państwowej Wyższej Szkole Zawodowej w Koninie. Pomiary siły dokonano dynamometrem tensometrycznym montowanym do ramy stabilizacyjnej. Przeprowadzone pomiary ilościowe komponentów składu ciała zostały wykonane przy użyciu analizatora składu ciała BC-418 firmy „Tanita". Uwzględniając przedstawiony cel badań, dokonano szczegółowej analizy ilościowej masy mięśniowej kończyn. Otrzymane wyniki wykazały wysoką dodatnią istotną korelację pomiędzy sumą sił i momentów sił rozwijanych podczas zginania i prostowania w stawie kolanowym i biodrowym oraz zginania podeszwowego w stawie skokowo-goleniowym w warunkach statyki z masą mięśniową kończyny dolnej. Podobnie dla kończyny górnej otrzymano dodatnią wysoką istotną korelację pomiędzy sumą sił i momentów sił rozwijanych podczas zginania i prostowania w stawie łokciowym i ramiennym z jej masą mięśniową.

8

Montaż świadomościowy – neurokognitywna analiza praktyk Wsiewołoda Meyerholda

63%

Ciesielski T.

Kultura Współczesna. Teoria. Interpretacje. Praktyka

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2018

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vol. 99

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issue 1

95-106

EN

The article suggests using the context of the latest neurocognitive research as a source of a new paradigm used in knowledge of theatre area analysis. It can be used in reinterpreting historical aesthetics of the performing arts and its cognitive-imaginative patterns. The analysis of Vsevolod Meyerhold’s practice, carried out with the use of contemporary works focusing on the topic of perception of emotions and movement and neuronal simulation rooted in the concept of the embodied cognition.

9

Isokinetic strength of the wrist in male aikido athletes

63%

Vodicka T., Pieter W., Reguli Z., Zvonar M.

Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology

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2016

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vol. 16

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issue 2

48-54

EN

Background. Physiological research in general on aikido is scarce. Although many aikido techniques use extreme wrist flexion and extension that may lead to injury, no information is available on isokinetic strength of the upper extremities in aikido. Investigations on grip strength in martial arts and combat sports were mainly done in judo. Aim. The purpose of the current study was to assess isokinetic strength of the wrist in recreational aikido athletes. Material and Methods. Male aikido practitioners (n=13, 33.23±7.94 years, 180.62±8.03 cm, 80.31±13.10 kg) were recruited from a summer camp organized at Masaryk University. Subjects were tested on a Cybex Humac Norm at 120o, 180o and 240o/sec on both left and right wrists. A 3-way (Side x Movement x Angular Velocity) Anova with repeated measures on the second and third factors was used to assess the differences between right and left wrist extension and flexion by angular velocity. The level of significance for all analyses was set to an effect size of 0.20. Results. There was a Movement x Angular velocity interaction (partial eta2 = 0.859, 95% CI: 0.451– 0.954). Simple effects analysis showed that wrist extension at 240o/sec (13.27 ± 3.18 Nm) was lower than wrist flexion (23.55 ± 6.66 Nm) at the same angular velocity (d = 2.050, 95% CI: 0.123 – 3.978) but the effect was not clear. Flexion at 120o/sec (31.64 ± 8.06 Nm) was higher than at 180o/s (28.50 ± 7.10 Nm) but the effect was also not clear: d = 0.430 (95% CI: -2.375 – 3.235). Conclusions. Based on the current results, strength exercises for wrist extension in aikido athletes may be indicated, although a larger sample size will be needed to arrive at a definitive conclusion. More research is required with aikidokas varying in age and experience. Female practitioners should be investigated as well. Future research should also include the positions at peak torque. Aikidokas have weaker handgrip strength than other combat sports/martial arts athletes. Based on the current results, strength exercises for wrist extension in aikido athletes may be indicated, especially when using weapons, where extension is more important in hand techniques.

PL

Tło. Nie istnieje zbyt wiele badań fizjologicznych dotyczących aikido. Chociaż w technikach stosowanych w tej sztuce walki należy zachować szczególną ostrożność przy zginaniu i prostowaniu nadgarstka, który często ulega uszkodzeniu, nie ma wielu dostępnych informacji na temat izokinetycznej siły kończyn górnych w aikido. Badania, w których obserwowano siłę chwytu w sztukach walki i sportów walki dotyczyły głównie judo. Cel. Celem obecnych badań była ocena izokinetycznej wytrzymałości nadgarstka osób trenujących aikido rekreacyjnie. Materiał i metody. Mężczyźni ćwiczący aikido (n = 13, 33,23 ± 7,94 lat, 180.62 ± 8,03 cm, 80.31 ± 13.10 kg) byli uczestnikami letniego obozu zorganizowanego na Uniwersytecie Masaryka. Uczestnicy badania byli testowani wg Cybex Humac Norma 120o, 180o and 240o/s, na lewym i prawym nadgarstku. 3-kierunkowy test ANOVA (strona x ruch x prędkość kątowa) z powtarzanymi pomiarami przy drugim i trzecim czynniku w celu oceny różnic między wyprostem i zgięciem prawego oraz lewego nadgarstka przy danej prędkości kątowej. Poziom istotności dla wszystkich analiz został ustawiony na wielkość efektu 0,20. Wyniki. Zaistniała interakcja Ruch x Prędkość kątowa (eta2 = 0.859, 95% CI: 0.451– 0.954). Prosta analiza rezultatów wykazała, że wartość wyprostu nadgarstków w ciągu 240o/sec (13.27 ± 3.18 Nm) była niższa niż wartość zgięcia nadgarstków (23,55 ± 6,66 Nm), przy tej samej prędkości kątowej (d = 2,050, 95% CI: 0,123 – 3,978), chociaż rezultat nie był jasny. Wartość zgięcia dla 120o/sec (31,64 ± 8,06 Nm) była wyższa niż dla 180o/s (28.50 ± 7.10 Nm), ale rezultat również nie był jasny: d = 0,430 (95% CI: -2,375 – 3,235). Wnioski. Na podstawie obecnych wyników, można stworzyć ćwiczenia wytrzymałościowe na wyprost nadgarstka dla sportowców trenujących aikido, choć będzie potrzebne są dalsze badania w celu ustalenia ostatecznej konkluzji. Badania te powinny obejmować osoby w różnym wieku i z różnym doświadczeniem, nie tylko mężczyzn, ale i kobiety. Przyszłe analizy powinny brać pod uwagę szczytowy momentu obrotu. Adepci aikido mają słabszą siłę uchwytu niż zawodnicy w innych sportach lub sztukach walki. Na podstawie obecnych wyników, ćwiczenia wytrzymałościowe na wyprost nadgarstka u sportowców aikido mogą być wskazane zwłaszcza, gdy używana jest broń, i szczególnie w walce wręcz, gdy wyprost nadgarstka jest bardzo ważny.

10

Improving the movements of basic karate techniques with the use of motion capture and mathematical modeling. The concept of a research project

63%

Cynarski W. J., Wajs W., VencesBrito A.

Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology

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2014

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vol. 14

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issue 1

39-53

EN

The purpose of this paper is to provide a method for mathematical modelling of martial arts and combat sports with the use of motion capture. The paper employs mathematical and computerised methods to analyse the movement dynamics in sports karate. Movement dynamics is one of the basic components of evaluating the sports level of a sports fighter (competitor). Modern computer technologies enable recording (capturing) and analysing physical values; they also enable statistical processing of this data. The research previously conducted at the University of Rzeszów studied an arbitrarily selected movement. The goal of the project is to evaluate the differences in the captured physical parameters which occur between novice fighters and recognised masters. This approach will enable instructors to define these differences, which should assist in selecting next training directions. Repeated capturing of the same movement will eliminate random factors. The purpose of statistical work is to eliminate measurement errors of the capturing instruments which trace the position of markers and of the instruments which record other physical quantities. One of the crucial elements of this research is the comparison of experimental results with applicable reference literature, where the latter proves that there is no mathematical model which describes the motion of the entire body of a fighter. The reference literature in the project description concerns the measurement of physical values of specific movement components, especially their maximum limit values.

XX

W pracy wykorzystano techniki komputerowe do analizy dynamiki ruchu w karate. Dynamika ruchu zawodnika jest jednym podstawowych czynników oceny poziomu sportowego sportowca uprawiającego sporty walki. Współczesne techniki komputerowe pozwalają na rejestrację i analizę, a także na opracowanie statystyczne zarejestrowanych wielkości fizycznych. W pracy poddano analizie jeden arbitralnie wybrany ruch. Celem pracy jest ocena różnic jakie występują wśród zarejestrowanych parametrów fizycznych pomiędzy początkującym zawodnikiem a uznanym mistrzem. Podejście takie pozwoli trenerowi na zdefiniowanie tych różnic i powinno pomóc w określenie kierunku szkolenia. Liczne rejestracje tego samego ruchu pozwoli na wyeliminowanie czynników losowych. Celem opracowań statystycznych jest wyeliminowanie błędów pomiarowych aparatury rejestrującej położenie markerów i inne wielości fizyczne. Jednym z ważnych elementów przeprowadzonych badań jest konfrontacja uzyskanych wyników z odpowiednimi doniesieniami literaturowymi.

11

Kinesiology of Tai Chi Martial Arts – A Scientific Overview

51%

Chu T. J.

Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology

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2024

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vol. 24

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issue 3

55-65

EN

Background. Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) is a stand-up internal martial art, which can handle incoming forces with minimal effort and can overcome hardness with softness. Philosophically, TCC is a martial art based on the principles of changes (Taoism) and the practice of constant equilibrium (Confucianism). Scientifically, the internal power of TCC is attributed to relaxation and mindfulness by means of integrated ground reaction force and rotational torques launched by the body through a kinetic chain, using mechanically efficient mechanisms. TCC’s martial application is a complex process, which is challenging but rewarding. Problem and Aim. The claim of relaxation and mindfulness for stability and rooting often causes confusion because most people are unfamiliar with these concepts. The effectiveness of TCC for self-defense is sometimes viewed suspiciously because most people cannot execute the internal power of TCC. This article aims to address these issues by providing a scientific basis for TCC training for martial arts applications. Method. Evidence-based scientific information, collected through comprehensive literature review processes, were evaluated based on the author’s more than forty years of practicing and teaching experience. Scientific findings were subsequently verified by ancient Classics written by TCC masters to certify the consistency between ancient philosophy and modern science. Results and Conclusions. Essential information on the biomechanics and kinesiology of Tai Chi martial arts is provided in terms of emotional control, six degrees of freedom in motion, maintaining a central equilibrium, biotensegrity formation, living fulcrum and leverage utilization, ground reaction force enhancement, and body kinetic chain manipulation. Furthermore, the mysterious “Chi” and “Jin” are scientifically defined to help elucidate the essence of TCC.

PL

Tło. Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) jest wewnętrzną sztuką walki wykonywaną w pozycji stojącej, która może radzić sobie z napływającymi siłami przy minimalnym wysiłku i może pokonać twardość miękkością. Z perspektywy filozoficznej, TCC jest sztuką walki opartą na zasadach zmian (taoizm) i praktyce stałej równowagi (konfucjanizm). Z naukowego punktu widzenia, wewnętrzna moc TCC jest przypisywana relaksacji i uważności za pomocą zintegrowanej siły reakcji podłoża i momentów obrotowych uruchamianych przez ciało poprzez łańcuch kinetyczny, przy użyciu mechanicznie wydajnych mechanizmów. Zastosowanie TCC w walce jest złożonym procesem, który jest trudny, ale satysfakcjonujący. Problem i cel. Twierdzenie o relaksacji i uważności dla stabilności i zakorzenienia często powoduje zamieszanie, ponieważ większość ludzi nie jest zaznajomiona z tymi koncepcjami. Skuteczność TCC w samoobronie jest czasami postrzegana podejrzliwie, ponieważ większość ludzi nie potrafi wykorzystać wewnętrznej mocy TCC. Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu zajęcie się tymi kwestiami poprzez dostarczenie naukowych podstaw treningu TCC do zastosowań w walce. Metoda. Oparte na dowodach naukowych informacje, zebrane w wyniku kompleksowego przeglądu literatury, zostały ocenione na podstawie ponad czterdziestoletniego doświadczenia autora w praktyce i nauczaniu. Odkrycia naukowe zostały następnie zweryfikowane przez starożytne klasyczne utwory napisane przez mistrzów TCC, aby potwierdzić spójność między starożytną filozofią a współczesną nauką. Wyniki i wnioski. Zasadnicze informacje na temat biomechaniki i kinezjologii sztuk walki Tai Chi są dostarczane w zakresie kontroli emocjonalnej, sześciu stopni swobody w ruchu, utrzymywania centralnej równowagi, tworzenia biotensegrity, żywego punktu podparcia i wykorzystania dźwigni, zwiększania siły reakcji podłoża i manipulacji łańcuchem kinetycznym ciała. Co więcej, tajemnicze “Chi” i “Jin” są naukowo zdefiniowane, aby pomóc wyjaśnić istotę TCC.

Refine search results

Use of criminalistics and forensic sciences at ensuring the population security

Significance of Preventive Behaviour in the Context of a Correct Body Posture in Violin Students

Measurement of Angular Parameters and Velocities of the Upper Limb Segments in Tennis Using Inertial Motion Sensors for the Purposes of the Didactic Process

Co-evolution of the upper limbs of early hominids and the origins of stonecraft

Upper limb analysis measured by inertial measurement unit tool: a case report

Types of falls and strategies for maintaining stability on an unstable surface

Związek siły kończyn rozwijanej w warunkach statyki z ich masą mięśniową u studentek fizjoterapii

Montaż świadomościowy – neurokognitywna analiza praktyk Wsiewołoda Meyerholda

Isokinetic strength of the wrist in male aikido athletes

Improving the movements of basic karate techniques with the use of motion capture and mathematical modeling. The concept of a research project

Kinesiology of Tai Chi Martial Arts – A Scientific Overview