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Water Spaces as Urban Activity Nodes

100%
Jopek D.
Zarządzanie Publiczne / Public Governance
|
2020
|
issue 4(54)
53-66
EN
Objectives: In the contemporary cities there are two main development challenges. The first one is related to changes in residents’ lifestyle (e.g. social and physical activity). The second one is associated with those aspects of climate change which have severe consequences for the city dwellers’ safety and comfort. The conducted analysis determines the potential of particular forms of water areas and their development in creating local centres – nodes of activity. Research Design & Methods: The subject of the conducted scientific research was the water areas of Cracow. Fragments of the Vistula waterfronts were selected as an example of a linear element, and water reservoirs were chosen as surface elements. The study is based on observations and interviews conducted during field visits. Findings: The analysis of Cracow’s water spaces has shown that not all of them can create activity nodes, which is mainly due to particular areas’ high seasonality of use. The city’s natural areas’ development and use must be carried out with full respect for their natural values. The nodes of urban activity should not be identified only with the flagship public spaces of the city, such as the main squares and parks. These places should be created throughout the entire city, with access to all city residents, i.e. those living in more or less populated areas. Such spaces may be different in their spatial form, but should have a common denominator, namely social integration. Implications / Recommendations: The article suggests that the potential of creating nodes is related to a specific place’s multi-functionality, its influence range, and its ability to generate users’ activity. The urban nodes’ polycentric system needs to be considered during the development planning. The system’s main aim should be to integrate all city areas by means of a communication network that would be of good quality and quantity. Contribution / Value added: The presented approach opens up possibilities for analysing urban connections and functionality. Article classification: research article JEL classification: Y80
2
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City and Water: The Problem of Trauma in the Process of Developing Urban Resilience

88%
Bugno-Janik A., Janik M.
Zarządzanie Publiczne / Public Governance
|
2020
|
issue 4(54)
67-84
EN
Objectives: In the paper, the authors study the socio-cultural, spatial, and functional relationships of city and water in the context of the paradigm shift that is taking place in urban development. Research Design & Methods: The following qualitative methods are used: field observation, participatory observations, transdisciplinary analyses, and case study. Findings: The historical development processes and the resultant collective traumas that have developed in Gliwice were analysed. Some substantial links and correlations have been discovered. Implications / Recommendations: In the sphere of the local cultural background, there are echoes of traumatic events which, to a large extent, have shaped subconscious beliefs and self-defence mechanisms. It is necessary to take this part of reality into consideration while working on city development plans. Contribution / Value Added: The article illuminates the background and mechanisms of some of the processes shaping the relationship between the city and water. Collective traumas play a significant role in these processes, and the fundamental changes that are key to building urban resilience are strongly dependent on working on it attentively. The authors formulate the concept of a trauma network as a significant element of the urban system. Article classification: research article JEL classification: Y8 Related Disciplines
3

Plánování modro-zelené infrastruktury s využitím ekohydrologického hodnocení mikrostruktur města Plzně

63%
Kopp J., Novotná M., Ježek J., Frajer J., Raška P., Dolejš M.
Urbanismus a územní rozvoj
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2020
|
issue 4
7-16
EN
Although the blue-green infrastructure is a matter widely discussed in several disciplines such as urban planning, landscape architecture, water management, climatology and nature conservation, use of the term itself remains infrequent in Czech contexts and has no unanimous definition. Foreign sources also use compromise terms, such as blue-greengrey infrastructure, hybrid infrastructure and mixed infrastructure, which has to do with the fact that some elements of rainwater management imitate natural processes (e.g. infiltration and evapotranspiration) but, in fact, are implemented as artificial elements in accordance with technical standards. This example from the city of Pilsen presents a thematic analysis of planning documents related to blue-green infrastructure. As the analysis of Pilsen’s planning documents illustrates, tools for climate change adaptation and efficient use of rainwater are gaining ground and amenity functions of urban water (recreational, social, aesthetic, cultural) are supported in synergy of an ideal city sensitive to water. It is necessary to acknowledge that the objectives and tools of specific levels of water management in cities are cumulated in the course of events, meaning that they can be planned only with a multidisciplinary approach. In this respect, Czech practice is usually at the level of sectoral planning. Although the blue-green infrastructure is a matter widely discussed in several disciplines such as urban planning, landscape architecture, water management, climatology and nature conservation, use of the term itself remains infrequent in Czech contexts and has no unanimous definition. Foreign sources also use compromise terms, such as blue-greengrey infrastructure, hybrid infrastructure and mixed infrastructure, which has to do with the fact that some elements of rainwater management imitate natural processes (e.g. infiltration and evapotranspiration) but, in fact, are implemented as artificial elements in accordance with technical standards. This example from the city of Pilsen presents a thematic analysis of planning documents related to blue-green infrastructure. As the analysis of Pilsen’s planning documents illustrates, tools for climate change adaptation and efficient use of rainwater are gaining ground and amenity functions of urban water (recreational, social, aesthetic, cultural) are supported in synergy of an ideal city sensitive to water. It is necessary to acknowledge that the objectives and tools of specific levels of water management in cities are cumulated in the course of events, meaning that they can be planned only with a multidisciplinary approach. In this respect, Czech practice is usually at the level of sectoral planning. As one of the approaches to blue-green infrastructure planning, this article presents a methodology of ecohydrological assessment of urban landscape micro-structures. The categorization of spatial units is based on possible stipulation of several parameters of ecohydrological characteristics for types of elementary areas (e.g. infiltration, evapotranspiration, outflow) and other parameters for functional spatial units called micro-structures (such as typical levels of outflow contamination and climate characteristics). These parameters can be based on the standardization of values, so expressing reference values for regulations, e.g. greenery coefficients such as the Biotope Area Factor for new housing development. At the level of urban landscape micro-structures, water management can be better arranged in decentralized units than in elementary areas. A model study on the centre of the city of Pilsen has delimited 481 micro-structure units of various types. Besides absolute comparison, ecohydrological classification makes it possible to discern quality of micro-structures of the same type, e.g. in order to identify where improvements are needed in the blocks of Pilsen’s city centre. The maps show different ecohydrological characteristics of street corridors in whole street profile because they are analysed as independent units, separate from the blocks. The accuracy of the classification of micro-structures depends on the quality of input data and can form the basis of plan-based development of blue-green infrastructure.
CS
Přestože se o tématech modro-zelené infrastruktury u nás diskutuje v rámci různých oborů, nemá tento termín v praxi zatím jednotné vymezení. Jak ilustruje rozbor plánovacích dokumentů Plzně, aktuálně se v této souvislosti prosazují nástroje adaptace na klimatickou změnu a efektivní využití dešťové vody, často ve vztahu k veřejným prostranstvím. Jako jeden z přístupů k plánování modro-zelené infrastruktury je představena metodika ekohydrologického hodnocení mikrostruktur městské krajiny. Kategorizace územních jednotek vychází z možností stanovení některých parametrů ekohydrologických vlastností pro typy elementárních ploch a dalších parametrů pro funkční prostorové jednotky, které nazýváme mikrostruktury. Použití této metodiky ukazuje modelové zpracování centrální oblasti města Plzně, kde bylo vymezeno a hodnoceno 481 jednotek mikrostruktur různých typů.
4
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Proekologiczne działania Wód Polskich w miastach

51%
Kapler A.
MAZOWSZE Studia Regionalne
|
2022
|
issue 43
29-52
EN
The State Water Holding ‘Polish Waters’ (PGW Wody Polskie) is the entity responsible for the national water management on the scale of catchment areas, river basins and the entire country, exercising owner's rights in relation to the waters of the State Treasury. Main tasks of ‘Polish Waters’ are: protection of the inhabitants of Poland against floods and droughts, sustainable water management to protect water resources, ensuring good water quality for current and future generations. The dynamic progress of civilization has strongly influenced people’s lives and the natural environment. Over the centuries, the relationship of man to nature has evolved towards sustainable development. All investments carried out by our State Holding are carried out in accordance with applicable European and national regulations and voluntary good practices. Our priorities are pro-environmental activities, which already at the investment design stage take into account the ideas of sustainable development, including the preservation or restoration of river continuity, as well as the protection of habitats and species. The aim of the article is to present the most interesting projects of the State Water Holding ‘Polish Waters’ implemented in the years 2017–2022, i.e. since the establishment of the entity.
PL
Państwowe Gospodarstwo Wodne Wody Polskie (PGW WP) to podmiot odpowiedzialny za krajową gospodarkę wodną w skali zlewni, dorzeczy oraz całego państwa, wykonujący prawa właściciela w stosunku do wód Skarbu Państwa. Zadaniem PGW Wody Polskie jest ochrona mieszkańców kraju przed powodzią i suszą, zrównoważone gospodarowanie wodami w celu ochrony zasobów wodnych, a także zapewnienie dobrej jakości wody dla obecnych i przyszłych pokoleń. Dynamiczny postęp cywilizacyjny mocno wpłynął na życie ludzi i środowisko naturalne. Przez stulecia, stosunek człowieka do przyrody ewoluował w kierunku zrównoważonego rozwoju. Wszystkie inwestycje realizowane przez nasze Gospodarstwo wykonuje się zgodnie z obowiązującymi przepisami i dobrowolnymi, dobrymi praktykami, tak polskimi, jak wspólnotowymi. Naszym priorytetem są działania prośrodowiskowe, które już na etapie projektowania inwestycji uwzględniają idee zrównoważonego rozwoju, w tym zachowania lub przywracania ciągłości rzek, jak również ochronę siedlisk oraz gatunków. Celem artykułu jest prezentacja najciekawszych projektów PGW Wody Polskie zrealizowanych w latach 2017–2022, tj. od momentu powstania Gospodarstwa.
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