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Grow first, gain fat in the meantime. Longitudinal study of anthropometric changes around menarche

100%
Ziomkiewicz A., Kozieł S.
Anthropological Review
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2015
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vol. 78
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issue 2
169-181
EN
There is a long dispute among anthropologist over which factor is more important – skeletal maturation or energy accumulation – for menarche occurrence. Here we report results of longitudinal study conducted on the sample of 178 girls followed for the period from 2 years before to 2 years after the age of menarche. Each year during this period anthropometric measures of waist and hip circumference, pelvis breadth, subscapular, triceps and abdominal skinfold thickness were taken to document girls’ physical development. We found that changes in hip circumference and pelvis breadth were the most closely associated with menarche appearance. We also found that changes in anthropometric measures of lower body part preceded changes in anthropometric measures of upper body part and tended to peak one year before menarche occurrence while changes in upper body part tended to peak one year after menarche occurrence. These results suggest that both skeletal maturation and energy accumulation in the form of fat are equally important for menarche to occur. Furthermore, we are proposing a new indicator describing allometric changes of pelvis around menarche: hip circumference to pelvis breadth ratio (HCPBR).
2
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Associations of nutrition and body composition with cardiovascular disease risk factors in soldiers during a 6-month deployment

86%
Nykänen T., Pihlainen K., Kyröläinen H., Fogelholm M.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2020
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vol. 33
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issue 4
457-466
EN
ObjectivesThis observational follow-up study investigated the associations of nutrition and body composition with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, including pro-inflammatory biomarkers, in soldiers during a 6-month deployment.Material and MethodsThirty-five male soldiers were assessed at months 0, 3 and 6, and their parameters, i.e., M±SD, were as follows: age 30.0±8.7 years, height 179±6 cm, and BMI 24.2±2.5 kg/m2. Three-day food diaries were used for monitoring macronutrient intake. Body composition was estimated using bioimpedance. Fasting blood samples for lipids and pro-inflammatory biomarkers were collected, and blood pressure measurements were performed.ResultsCarbohydrate intake increased and protein intake decreased at month 3 (p = 0.034, p < 0.001), while body composition remained stable. Systolic blood pressure increased at month 6, while other CVD risk factors remained within the reference values. Fat mass and body fat percentage were associated positively with total and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations at all measurement points. A negative association was found between the change in fiber intake vs. the change in total (r = –0.36, p = 0.033) and LDL cholesterol (r = –0.39, p = 0.019).ConclusionsLower fiber intake and a greater amount of body fat were associated with high total and LDL cholesterol concentrations. Nevertheless, the measured CVD risk factors remained within the reference values, except for the higher systolic blood pressure. A regular screening of body composition and a higher consumption of fiberrich foods may promote cardiometabolic health in soldiers.
3
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Physical Performance, Body Composition and Somatotype in Colombian Judo Athletes

58%
Monterrosa Quintero A., da Rosa Orssatto L. B., Pulgarín R. D., Follmer B.
Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology
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2019
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vol. 19
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issue 2
56-63
EN
Background. Judo is a grappling sport that requires a combination of powerful actions (e.g., throwing techniques) and aerobic capacity. Physical performance, body composition and somatotype influences athletes’ performance. Problem and aim. Analyze the physical performance, body composition and somatotype of elite Colombian judokas and compare them with athletes from other countries. In addition, to investigate the correlation between body composition and physical performance. Methods. Fifteen judoists, eight women (21±4.7 years) and seven men (20.5±3.9 years), participated in the present study. The athletes were black belt and had international and national competition experience, winning medals in the Pan-American Games, Central and South American Championships. Squat jumps (SJ) and countermovement jumps (CMJ) on a contact platform were performed to evaluate lower limbs power. The maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) was estimated using the multistage 20-m shuttle run test. The Anthropometric measurements were taken for body fat and skeletal muscle mass estimation. Pearson correlation was performed between body composition and physical performance variables. Results. In summary, lower physical performance, and higher body fat percentages were observed in Colombian judoists compared to elite judoists. In other countries Moderate negative correlation was observed between aerobic power and body fat percentage (r=-0.67), and the endomorph characteristic (r=-0.69). In addition, the skeletal muscle mass presented a very large correlation with power from both SJ (r=0.88) and CMJ (r=0.89) (p<0.05). Conclusion. Elite Colombian judokas presented lower physical performance, and higher body fat percentage than other elite judokas. The somatotype was adequate and in accordance with that reported at the elite level.
PL
Tło. Judo jest sportem polegającym na mocowaniu się, który wymaga kombinacji potężnych działań (np. techniki rzucania) i wydolności tlenowej. Wydajność fizyczna, budowa ciała i somatotyp wpływają na wydajność sportowców. Problem i cel. Celem badania była analiza fizycznej wydajności, składu ciała i somatotypu elitarnych judoków kolumbijskich i porównanie ich ze sportowcami z innych krajów. Ponadto, podjęto próbę zbadania korelacji między składem ciała a wydajnością fizyczną. Metody. W badaniu wzięło udział piętnastu zawodników judo, osiem kobiet (21 ± 4,7 lat) i siedmiu mężczyzn (20,5 ± 3,9 lat). Zawodnicy posiadali czarny pas oraz mieli międzynarodowe i krajowe doświadczenia w rywalizacji, zdobywając medale na Igrzyskach Panamerykańskich, Mistrzostwach Ameryki Środkowej i Południowej. Wykonali oni skoki z przysiadem (SJ) i skoki z obrotem (CMJ) na platformie kontaktowej, w celu oceny siły kończyn dolnych. Maksymalny pobór tlenu (VO2max) został oszacowany za pomocą wielostopniowego testu biegu wahadłowego na 20-m. Pomiary antropometryczne wykonano w celu oceny tkanki tłuszczowej i masy mięśni szkieletowych. Przeprowadzono korelację Pearsona między składem ciała a zmiennymi wydajności fizycznej. Wyniki. Podsumowując, u kolumbijskich zawodników judo zaobserwowano niższą sprawność fizyczną i wyższy odsetek tkanki tłuszczowej w porównaniu z elitarnymi judokami. W innych krajach zaobserwowano umiarkowaną korelację ujemną między wydajnością tlenową a procentową zawartością tkanki tłuszczowej (r = -0,67) i cechą endomorficzną (r = -0,69). Ponadto masa mięśni szkieletowych wykazywała bardzo dużą korelację z wydajnością zarówno z SJ (r = 0,88), jak i CMJ (r = 0,89) (p <0,05). Wniosek. Elitarni kolumbijscy zawodnicy judo prezentowali niższe wyniki fizyczne i wyższy procent tkanki tłuszczowej niż najlepsi judocy z innych krajów. Somatotyp był odpowiedni i zgodny z obowiązującym na poziomie elitarnym.
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