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1

Przesłanki i zakres odstąpienia od umowy o roboty budowlane

100%
Blicharski R.
Kwartalnik Prawa Prywatnego
|
2018
|
vol. 27
|
issue 4
931-968
EN
The issues involving termination of construction contracts are considered to be particularly complicated and controversial. The rules concerning termination of contract can be divided into three main groupings: 1. Grounds for termination, 2. Scope of the right to terminate, 3. Effects of termination. The article extensively covers the first two issues with regard to construction contracts in particular. The first part of the article describes legal requirements to terminate construction contracts under polish civil code. The grounds for termination of construction contracts were divided into four groups: 1. Termination for anticipatory breach of contract (art. 635, art. 636 of the civil code), 2. Termination for non-performance (art. 491, art. 635 of the civil code), 3. Termination for deficient performance (art. 560 of the civil code), 4. Client’s right to terminate (art. 644 of the civil code). The relationship between art. 491 § 1 and art. 635 of the civil code is highly controversial in particular (Termination for non-performance). The prevailing view in the polish jurisprudence seems to be that art. 635 of the civil code is the ground for termination if investor terminates the contract due to debtor’s non-performance. According to minority view art. 635 of the civil code may apply only in the case of anticipated non-performance. As the Supreme Court noted however, art. 635 of the civil code states that client may terminate the contract ‘even before’ performance has become due, and therefore a fortiori art. 635 of the civil code may apply after the due date. The author defends the prevailing view with historical, as well as comparative arguments. Due to the application of art. 635 of the civil code investor may terminate the contract for excused non-performance without setting additional period of time. The second part of the article describes the scope of the right to terminate construction contracts. In particular the issue of divisibility of contractor’s performance is considered to be highly controversial both in theory and in practice. The author rejected all four views that had been previously expressed and proposed his own solution. Until now the divisibility of performance under art. 491 § 2 was understood according to the definition as laid down in art. 379 § 2 of the civil code. The purpose of art. 379 § 2 of the civil code was to divide responsibility among multiple debtors, which is not the issue in applying art. 491 § 2 of the civil code. As a result divisibility under art. 491 § 2 of the civil code should have a broader meaning. The author comes to a conclusion that in principle contractor’s performance is divisible under art. 491 § 2 of the civil code, and the scope of the right to terminate is limited.
2

Przedawnienie roszczenia o naprawienie szkody w reżimie kontraktowym

88%
Strugała R.
Kwartalnik Prawa Prywatnego
|
2021
|
vol. 30
|
issue 3
505-518
EN
This paper aims to address certain problems concerning prescription. It focuses on the prescription of claims for damages awarded for breach of contract. In the Polish Civil Code there are no special rules in place concerning such claims and the prescription thereof is to be ascertained on the basis of general provisions. The latter were designed in order to regulate the prescription of claims reflecting the primary obligations of the parties (the obligations of specific performance). Consequently, their application to claims concerning secondary obligations, i.e. claims for damages, raises serious doubts and encounters numerous problems of high practical importance. The paper proposes such interpretation of general provisions on prescription that seemingly both suits the nature of claims for damages for breach of contract and is fit for the purpose generally ascribed to prescription as a legal phenomenon.
3

The Institution of Anticipated Non-Performance under Polish Law in the Context of the Doctrine of Anticipatory Breachof Contract – on the Structure of Art. 492(1) of Polish Civil Code (A Comparative Legal Analysis)

75%
Glinka J., Chyla Ł.
Roczniki Nauk Prawnych
|
2017
|
vol. 27
|
issue 1 English Online Version
23-39
EN
Various aspects of the anticipated (expected) breach of obligations under a contractual relationship have long been the subject of discussion with respect to the Polish Civil Code of 1964, which does not provide a general legal basis entitling the creditor to terminate the contract before it becomes due. This situation has changed with the entry of the amendment of May 30, 2014, as the introduction of Art. 4921 of the Civil Code was an important legislative step, which requires a comprehensive comment. A comprehensive linguistic and functional analysis of the said provision, regulating an inevitable non-performance, however, requires a broader view, especially from the perspective of the common law system (as an institution of Anglo-Saxon origin) or other international regulations (which are a source of inspiration for the Polish legislator). Both legal and comparative verification not only facilitates a fuller understanding of the nature of the anticipatory breach institution itself, but above all, allows one to realize the consequences and a number of contentious issues involving the practical application of the institution of art. 4921 of the Civil Code from the perspective of participants of the legal and economic market.
4
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Międzynarodowa harmonizacja prawa prywatnego na przykładzie wybranych aktów modelowego prawa umów w zakresie regulacji kary umownej

63%
Juranek A. M.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2020
|
issue 1(65)
30-53
EN
The purpose of this article is to synthesize the basic acts of the so-called model contract law and the relations between the solutions adopted in them and the regulation of contractual penalty applicable in Polish law. Particular emphasis was puted on the analysis of conditions for a claim for payment of a contractual penalty and acceptable limits of modification of a debtor’s liability in Polish and model law. On the basis of model law, it was proposed to resolve the most frequent doubts in Polish doctrine. The comparative conclusions drawn in relation to the contractual penalty are also an example of evaluation of the Polish regulation from the point of view of the progressing process of European private law harmonisation.
5

Instytucja antycypowanego niewykonania zobowiązania w prawie polskim w kontekście doktryny anticipatorybreach of contract – o konstrukcji art. 4921 kodeksu cywilnego (analiza prawno-porównawcza)

51%
Glinka J., Chyla Ł.
Roczniki Nauk Prawnych
|
2017
|
vol. 27
|
issue 1
23-41
PL
Rozmaite aspekty antycypowanego (spodziewanego) naruszenia obowiązków w ramach stosunku kontraktowego od lat stanowiły przedmiot dyskusji na gruncie kodeksu cywilnego z 1964 r., który nie przewidywał ogólnej podstawy prawnej uprawniającej wierzyciela do odstąpienia od umowy przed terminem wymagalności. Sytuacja ta zmieniła się wraz z wejściem w życie nowelizacji z 30 maja 2014 r. – implementacja art. 4921 k.c. stanowi ważny krok legislacyjny na tle polskiego porządku prawnego, który wymaga wyczerpującego komentarza. Przeprowadzenie kompleksowej analizy językowej i funkcjonalnej przepisu regulującego nieuchronne niewykonanie zobowiązania wymaga jednak szerszego spojrzenia, w szczególności z perspektywy systemu common law (jako instytucja o anglosaskim rodowodzie) czy też innych międzynarodowych uregulowań (stanowiących źródło inspiracji dla polskiego ustawodawcy). Weryfikacja prawno-porównawcza ułatwia nie tylko pełniejsze zrozumienie istoty samej instytucji anticipatory breach, ale przede wszystkim umożliwia wyeksponowanie konsekwencji oraz szeregu kwestii spornych wiążących się z praktycznym zastosowaniem instytucji z art. 4921 k.c. z perspektywy uczestników obrotu prawno-gospodarczego.
EN
Various aspects of the anticipated (expected) breach of duties under the contractual relationship have been the subject of discussion for years on the basis of the Polish Civil Code of 1964, which had not provide a general legal basis entitling the creditor to terminate the contract before it becomes due. This situation has changed with the entry of the amendment of May 30, 2014 – implementation of Article. 4921 of the Civil Code was an important legislative step, which requires a comprehensive comment. A comprehensive linguistic and functional analysis of the said provision, regulating an inevitable non-performance, however, requires a broader view, especially from the perspective of the common law system (as an institution of Anglo-Saxon origin) or other international regulations (which are a source of inspiration for the Polish legislator). Both legal and comparative verification not only facilitates a fuller understanding of the nature of the anticipatory breach institution itself, but above all, allows to realize the consequences and a number of contentious issues involving the practical application of the institution of art. 4921 of the Civil Code from the perspective of participants of the legal and economic market.
6

Odstąpienie od umowy deweloperskiej w nowym stanie

51%
Panfil K.
Rejent
|
2023
|
issue 3 (383)
130-160
EN
The Act on the protection of the purchaser of dwelling premises or a detached house and the Development Guarantee Fund of 2022 has introduced some changes in the matter of the right of withdrawal and the right to terminate a real estate development contract. However, many issues still raise doubts as, similarly to the preceding law of 2011, the new law does not contain a comprehensive regulation in the field of the right of withdrawal and termination of a real estate development contract, especially in the field of termination for breach of contract. There is a need to consider whether and to what extent legal norms relevant to withdrawal and termination of contracts contained in other acts, in particular in the Polish Civil Code, apply to withdrawal or termination of a real estate development contract. In this context, the author firstly points on the need to properly distinguish between the right of withdrawal and the right to terminate a real estate development contract. Secondly, the author analyses, from the perspective of the new law and the general norms of the Polish Civil Code, specific issues regarding the grounds for withdrawal or termination of a real estate development contract as well as the procedure and the effects of contract termination, in particular the effects of contract termination on other remedies for breach of contract.
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