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Hľadanie rímskeho prístavu. O počiatkoch systematického prieskumu riečneho dna Dunaja pri Iži

100%
Daňová M., Daňová K., Halinár M., Hoffman M., Koprivňanský A., Lieskovský T., Sočuvka V.
Zborník Slovenského národného múzea Archeológia
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2022
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issue 116
319-328
EN
The Roman fort at Iža was a strategic advanced site of the Limes Romanus/Ripa Pannonica defence system opposite Brigetio, on the northern bank of the Danube. So far there have been no targeted researches about the direct documents concerning supply and communication modes used in this site (in the context of the adjacent defence system). Historical records and early archaeological researches described walled structures with various interpretations (cloaca, pier). According to their position with regard to river course, it is possible to assume that such structures were used for bank defence purposes or as constructions of an independent port. In order to find an answer to this question, the authors of this paper have exploited both traditional and innovative methods (LIDAR, various types of sonars).
2
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Most drogowy w Krobielewku – wyróżniający się obiekt inżynierski doliny Warty

100%
Urbanek G.
Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka
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2020
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vol. 75
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issue 4
47-64
EN
The establishment of the Polish-German border in 1919 contributed to the loss of many communication routes in the western part of Greater Poland by Germany. One of the solutions to improve local transport and trade was to build a bridge at Krobielewko. Built between 1936 and 1938, the bridge was the longest wooden construction of its kind in the Third Reich.
3
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Przeprawa mostowa na wyspę Ledniczka. Wstępne wyniki badań

84%
Pydyn A., Popek M., Dębicka D., Radka K.
Studia Lednickie
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2018
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vol. 17
181-196
EN
Advanced noninvasive research carried out in “The cradle of the Piasts: archaeological underwater prospections in the area of Lednickie Lake” (“Kolebka Piastów archeologiczne prospekcje podwodne w rejonie Jeziora Lednickiego”) project, provided a new collection of artefacts and archaeological sites. In the first stage of the project an archive research was carried out and it showed that there are 61 archaeological sites of different character and chronology in the close proximity to the lake. In the further part of the project, non-invasive research with the use of a magnetometer, a multibeam sonar and a subbottom profiler were conducted. This stage of the project was possible due to cooperation between the team from the Maritime Institute in Gdańsk, which was conducting hydroacoustic research, and underwater archaeologists. In the course of the survey of bathymetric anomalies between Ledniczka island and the west coast of the lake, construction elements were identified. Therefore, the terrain between an island and the mainland was thoroughly searched in order to verify the object which was found. During the search of the bottom by the divers in the designated place, more horizontal structural elements were identified. Localizing vertically impaled wooden constructions identified as piles, was the key point. These elements confirm that in the described place, there was a third bridge on Lake Lednica. Samples for dendrochronological and radiocarbon dating were collected from the P1, P4, P5 piles and V object. Only the sample from object V was suitable for dendrochronological dating, as it did not contain a sapwood layer. As a result it was possible to determine the date when the tree was cut, i.e. after 1293, hence most probably at the turn of 13/14th centuries [Ważny 2017]. Sample wood from pile 1 was subject to radiocarbon dating and the 1085±30 BP date was obtained. After calibration it can be said that it is 68.2% probable that the analyzed material comes from 900–993 (900–922: 22.3%; 948–993: 45.9%). Whereas it is 95.4% probable that it comes from 894–1016 (894–932: 30.5%; 937–1016: 64.9%) [Goslar 2017]. In conclusion, it can be said that during the research, the relics of the bridge leading from the mainland to Ledniczka island located on the W–E axis were localized. The crossing is located at the narrowest place between an island and the mainland. This is around 100 meters and this is the probable length of the bridge. On the basis of the variety in the degree of wood conservation, as well as diverse shapes of the construction elements, and especially the obtained dates from the radiocarbon and dendrochronological datings, it can be assumed that there are two bridge crossings which date to the 10th century and the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries. During the 2017 research season an interesting discovery was made. After several seasons of underwater works, a new object was localized and identified as bridge relics. It shows the great archaeological potential of Lednica Lake and how the use of new noninvasive methods can lead to spectacular discoveries. The bridge relics were only identified on the surface level, therefore it is difficult to draw far-reaching conclusions. However, dendrochronological dating makes it possible to determine the origins of the bridge to the 13th/14th century. Militaria found near the bridge are also from this period. The C14 date, which estimates the age of one of the piles for the 2nd half of the 10th century, is very interesting. It can indicate that there were two bridges with different chronology. However, in order to confirm this, further excavation works must be conducted.
4
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Berlin – soczewka współczesnej Europy. Uwagi na marginesie książki Ewy Wanat Deutsche nasz. Reportaże berlińskie

60%
Sukiennik M.
Tematy i Konteksty
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2019
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vol. 14
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issue 9
431-443
EN
Berlin and the city’s inhabitants are the characters of Wanat’s reportage. The book is a collection of  talks and evidence record of meetings with particular people. Every Berliner has their own story.  While presenting the stories, the author spotlights the complexity of the city.The capital city, like any other metropolis, is a medley of various cultures and behaviours. The city reflects the borderline of the features which both unite  and divide the society and endanger their peaceful coexistence. The border areas are particularly exposed to conflicts. For onlookers, Berlin seems to be a coherent mosaic. However, it is drastically divided. This incoherence is shown in varied characters of the districts, it is reflected in language, too. Resentments, stereotypes and generalisations add to this discrepancy. A peaceful coexistence in such a cosmopolitan hybrid city requires building an agora and bridges. They create the background to begin a dialogue. Liberal democracy helps to introduce socio-cultural structures, as well as mental patterns of perception. This prevents antagonisms in society. A lesson of tolerance averts hostility and others are not treated as if they were strangers. Learning an appropriate attitude towards the dissimilar takes a long time, and the challenge must be repeatedly undertaken if society is to remain united. Analysing such a big city as Berlin, Ewa Wanat illustrates complex problems of contemporary Europe.
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