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PL
W dniach 13-15 sierpnia 2023 r. w Kodniu miała miejsce uroczystość nałożenia na skronie Jezusa i Maryi nowych koron, które pobłogosławił w Rzymie papież Franciszek. Legatem papieskim, który nałożył korony był kardynał Stanisław Dziwisz. Uczyniono to w ramach obchodów 300-lecia koronacji obrazu, która miała miejsce 15 sierpnia 1723 r. Wydarzenie to stało się inspiracją do przypomnienia ważnego w historii Kodnia i parafii faktu, ustanowienia na początku XVIII w. prepozyta proboszcza kodeńskiego infułatem. Stało się to na mocy bulli papieża Klemensa XI Decet Romanum Pontificem. Infułat mógł odprawiać uroczyste nabożeństwa z użyciem pontyfikaliów. Kolejni prepozyci proboszczowie kodeńscy mogli używać pontyfikaliów i udzielać uroczystego błogosławieństwa. Tragicznym wydarzeniem dla infułacji kodeńskiej była kasata parafii rzymsko-katolickiej w Kodniu przez władze carskie w 1875 r. Parafia rzymsko-katolicka w Kodniu mogła wznowić swoją działalność dopiero w 1919 r.
EN
In Kodeń on 13-15 August 2023, there was a celebration of crowning the images of Jesus and Mary with new crowns that had been blessed by Pope Francis in Rome. The papal legate who performed the crowning was Cardinal Stanisław Dziwisz. This was part of the celebration of the 300th anniversary of the coronation of the painting, which had taken place on August 15, 1723. This event became an inspiration to commemorate an important fact from the history of Kodeń and the parish when at the beginning of the 18th century the provost-parish priest of Kodeń was named a protonotary apostolic under Pope Clement XI’s bull Decet Romanum Pontificem. The protonotary apostolic enjoyed the right to use pontificals when officiating a ceremonial service. Subsequent provosts-parish priests of Kodeń were entitled to use pontificals and to give ceremonial blessings. A tragic event was the dissolution of the Roman Catholic parish in Kodeń by the tsarist authorities in 1875. The Roman Catholic parish in Kodeń was able to resume its activities in 1919.
EN
The necessity to conduct rescue archaeological research in the area of the St. Sophia Cathedral in Kiev complex in autumn 2018 appeared due to ground subsidence, which appeared in spring at the distance of 27 meters to the west from the north–west corner of the cathedral — at the place where modern underground constructions 4–5 meters deep from the present ground surface are located. The main aim of the excavations was to examine the cultural layering, expose the damaged section of the underground, create documentation and consolidate it. Works were conducted by the employees of the “Sophia of Kiev” National Sanctuary (Timur Bobrovs’kij, Maksym Strykhar and Volodimir Savits’kij) and they included 20m2 excavation, which was explored up to 3 m deep below the current level of exploitation. Due to the archaeological research, it was possible to explain that the ground subsidence from 2018 was created in the fill of an earlier subsided area, filled with soil and sand in the period from 1980 till the beginning of the 21st century. During excavation works the fill of the subsided area was explored and the adjacent cultural layers were also studied. On the basis of the presented layout of cultural layers and the chronology of the archaeological monuments in connection with other historical sources, it was possible to present stages of the use of this area over the centuries. 1. Skeletal burial found on calc, in the south-east corner of excavation 2m deep from the present level of use, is dated to the early Iron Age. On the pelvis bones a bronze pin in the shape of the shepherd’s rod was preserved in situ. Therefore it is possible to link this object to the representatives of the Milograd culture (the mid-first millennium B.C.). 2. Several storage pits are connected with layers from the Old Russian Age. The historic material which was found in them mainly includes pieces of clay vessels from the 11th–12th c., as well as single pieces of plinfa bricks and cobalt glass, which probably come from St. Sophia’s Cathedral. Two finds come from the cultural layer from the 14th–15th c., which may be connected to the medieval archive of the Kiev metropolis: a leaden bulla from the 12th century with the image of a bust of St. George on one side and the so-called khachar with the initials of Jesus Christ on the other, as well as a semi-product of a leaden bulla, which by comparison to Novgorod analogies can be dated to the 14th–15th century. It seems that between the 11th and 14th century the research area, despite being located near the Cathedral, did not play any significant role, and probably it served storage functions. On the other hand, a relatively high number of “elite” finds from the period of the Middle Ages (bulla and a semi-product to create a bulla, pieces of the imported glassware etc.) suggest that in the Middle Ages in the immediate proximity of the researched area there could have been an important facility, possibly the metropolitan palace building complex from the 11th–14th century. 3. The remnants of a large overground wooden building from the first half of the 18th century were observed in the excavation. It probably had a timbered construction and was built from 15–20 cm wide logs. Pieces of ceramic and glass vessels as well as flakes of the glazed tiles from the end of the 17th–first half of the 18th century come from this fi ll. Their presence indicates that it was a residential building and an outbuilding. Two copper coins — John Casimir groats with “166*” and “1666” dates were explored in this place. This building could have been erected after the fire in 1697 as a monastic flat and probably functioned till the mid-18th century, when a masonry corpus with cells was built in Sophia’s monastery. 4. Later, judging from the observed stratigraphy, the researched area did not have the defined spatial organization and no meaningful objects were located there, which is probably connected with the functioning of a cloister garden in this place. Presently there is a special protective construction over the excavation. In 2019 research will be continued. It will help to specify the chronology of cultural layers, and determine the causes of the destructive processes and prevent further degradation of the underground construction.
EN
Hunting as an economic element of the emerging Polish state significantly influenced the development of culture. The analysis of this rather extensive area of daily life is crucial to understanding of the functioning of mediaeval society. The value of wildlife and the goods it provided permanentny marked the history and the emerging hunting tradition, which is cultivated up to this day.
PL
Łowiectwo jako czynnik gospodarczy powstającego państwa polskiego znacząco wpłynęło na rozwój kultury. Przeanalizowanie tej dość rozległej dziedziny życia codziennego jest niezbędne dla zrozumienia funkcjonowania średniowiecznego społeczeństwa. Wartość dziko żyjącej zwierzyny i pozyskanych z niej dóbr na stałe zapisała się na kartach historii i powstającej tradycji łowieckiej, która do dziś jest kultywowana.
DE
Die 1920 entstandene Diözese in Lodz umfaßte das Gebiet, auf dem seit Jahr-hunderten ein Pfarrnetz existierte. In der altpolnischen Periode gehörten die Pfarreien dem Gnesener Erzbistum an und bildeten einen Bestandteil der Archidiakonate von Uniejów, Łęczyca und Łowicz. Nach den Teilungen Polens und der neuen kirchlichen Organisation auf polnischem Boden befanden sie sich innerhalb des Erzbistums von Warschau und der Diözese von Wloclawek. Der Autor versucht, die Entwicklung des Pfarrgemeindenetzes auf dem Gebiet der heutigen Diözese Lodz darzustellen, und zeigt Veränderungen der Dekanats-und Archidiakonatsorganisation, denen sie unterlagen
PL
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