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Small enterprise development in South Africa: The role of business incubators

100%
Masutha M., Rogerson C. M.
Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series
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2014
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vol. 26
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issue 26
141-155
EN
Business incubation is a relatively new phenomenon in scholarship and policy development for small enterprise development. Business incubators offer targeted business support and technical support services to accelerate the growth of emerging and small start-up business enterprises into financially and operationally independent enterprises. South Africa has adopted business incubation as one vehicle for upgrading the SMME economy. This article examines the evolution of policy towards business incubation, current progress, institutional issues and emerging geographies of business incubators as part of the unfolding and dynamic SMME policy landscape in South Africa. Considerable differences are observed between the activities of the network of state-supported incubators as opposed to private sector operated incubators.
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The Role of Internship and Business Incubation Programs in Forming Entrepreneurial Intentions: an Empirical Analysis from Pakistan

100%
Zreen A., Farrukh M., Nazar N., Khalid R.
Central European Management Journal
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2019
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vol. 27(2)
97-113
EN
Purpose: Entrepreneurship is a vital tool for the economic development of any country. As a fiel of research, entrepreneurship has become a diversified area of study. A plethora of studies appeared that investigate the antecedents of entrepreneurial intention, most of them focus on personality traits and other psychological factors. However, the studies focus less on practical entrepreneurial education such as internship and business incubation. Thus, the current study seeks to fill this gap by empirically investigating the impact of business incubators and internship programs on student’s entrepreneurial intention in the Pakistani context. Methodology: The authors collected data through a structured questionnaire from students and ran partial least square structural equation modeling technique by SmartPLS software. Findings: The results show that business incubators and internship programs have a strong and positive statistically significant impact on entrepreneurial intentions. Implication: The current study can help policy-makers get a better insight on entrepreneurship so as to improve its innovation, proactivity, and risk-taking ability and how these factors can amend the lack of entrepreneurial awareness among business students.
3

The development of innovation and entrepreneurship in the voivodeship of Kuyavia and Pomerania

88%
Strzelecki A.
Law and Administration in Post-Soviet Europe
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2015
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vol. 2
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issue 1
42-50
4
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Priority Criteria and Alternatives for University Business Incubators in the Entrepreneurial Process in Mexico

63%
Martínez Ramírez L., Muñoz J.
Studia i Materiały
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2015
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issue 2/2015 (19)
95-105
EN
The Schumpeterian theory of economic development establishes the innovation process as a key factor for entrepreneurship. Nevertheless, not every entrepreneur exercises innovation and not every innovation leads to entrepreneurship. University Business Incubators (UBIs) have been considered as the main factor for entrepreneurial process in which if innovation takes place, the perspective of economic success becomes wide open. Currently, UBIs are typified and considered around the world as guides in the process of entrepreneurship; one of their objectives is the creation of startups that can eventually consolidate in the market. The aim of this work is to identify by means of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) the priority of UBIs performance criteria on the basis of the main levels of impacts the literature remarks on: a) economic action, b) National Development Plan and/or c) scientific action. These criteria are related with four characteristic UBIs functions: i) provision of means of production, ii) strengthening entrepreneurship culture, iii) bonding with the market to generate a base of future firms, and, iv) creating pull effect. The hypothesis of this work is that UBIs classification not only allows for identifying their main characteristics but it also points toward a normative application of criteria and alternatives of performance, in order to reach the objective of creating and fostering solid and stable enterprises, no matter the sponsoring university characteristics. We tested it by analyzing the three most important Mexican UBIs. The results show that although the analyzed UBIs are a specific type of business incubators, their criteria and alternatives of performance differ among them.
PL
Według teorii rozwoju gospodarczego Schumpetera proces innowacyjny jest czynnikiem o kluczowym znaczeniu dla przedsiębiorczości. Nie wszyscy przedsiębiorcy dokonują jednak innowacji i nie wszystkie innowacje warunkują przedsiębiorczość. Akademickie inkubatory przedsiębiorczości (AIP) zostały uznane za główny czynnik procesu przedsiębiorczego, w ramach którego – jeśli dojdzie do innowacji – otwierają się szerokie perspektywy sukcesu gospodarczego. Obecnie na świecie AIP są zaliczane do kategorii podmiotów wyznaczających kierunki w procesie przedsiębiorczym. Jednym z ich celów jest tworzenie przedsiębiorstw, które ostatecznie mogą utrwalić swoją pozycję na rynku. Artykuł ma na celu określenie za pomocą metody AHP hierarchii kryteriów wydajności AIP z wykorzystaniem wymienionych w literaturze różnych poziomów wpływu. Są to: a) działania gospodarcze, b) narodowy plan rozwoju oraz c) działania naukowe. Kryteria te wiążą się z czterema charakterystycznymi funkcjami AIP: i) dostarczanie środków produkcji, ii) rozwijanie kultury przedsiębiorczości, iii) nawiązywanie kontaktów z rynkiem w celu utworzenia bazy przyszłych przedsiębiorstw oraz iv) wywoływanie „efektu przyciągania”. Hipoteza postawiona w artykule głosi, że klasyfikacja AIP nie tylko umożliwia określenie ich głównych cech, lecz również wskazuje normatywne zastosowanie kryteriów i alternatywnych sposobów osiągnięcia wydajności w celu tworzenia i wspierania rozwoju solidnych i stabilnych przedsiębiorstw niezależnie od cech uczelni sponsorującej. Weryfikacji tej hipotezy dokonano na bazie analizy trzech najważniejszych meksykańskich AIP. Wyniki wskazują, że chociaż badane AIP stanowią specyficzny rodzaj inkubatorów przedsiębiorczości, różnią się pod względem stosowanych kryteriów i alternatywnych sposobów osiągania wydajności.
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