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The importance of the Mediterranean diet in cardiovascular disease

100%
Cyuńczyk M., Zujko K., Zujko M.
Progress in Health Sciences
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2017
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vol. 7(2)
105-110
EN
The Mediterranean diet is characterized by abundance of plant foods, such as vegetables, fruit, bread and cereal products, legumes, nuts and seeds, as well as olive oil, herbs and spices. Moreover, moderate intakes of dairy products, fish, poultry and wine, and low consumption of red meat are recommended. This diet is low in saturated fat (<7% of energy) with total fat within the range of 25-35% of energy. To assess dietary compliance cardiovascular diseases with the recommendations of the Mediterranean diet a variety of indicators are used, of which the most common are: 9-point scale of alternate Mediterranean Diet Score (aMED) and 14-item Questionnaire of Mediterranean diet adherence (MDA). The results of the epidemiological research indicate that the nutrition model based on the assumptions of the Mediterranean diet is a crucial component of primary and secondary prevention of 25-35% of energy.
2
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Which health professionals are most at risk for cardiovascular disease? Or do not be a manager

80%
Sovova E., Nakladalová M., Kaletova M., Sovova M., Radova L., Kribska M.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2014
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vol. 27
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issue 1
71-77
EN
Objectives: Health care workers constitute a high-risk occupational category owing to the character of their work that includes high-risk environment, shift work and mental as well as physical stress. In occupational medicine, caring for their health condition should be a priority and include measures aimed at preventing cardiovascular diseases. The study aimed at determining the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in employees of a large hospital and assessing their effect on the incidence of cardiovascular events. Materials and Methods: The group comprised 3124 employees with a mean age of 36.1 years (SD = 11.4), out of whom 562 were males (mean age of 37.1 years, range: 18-72; SD = 12.26) and 2562 were females (mean age of 35.9 years, range: 18-68; SD = 11.24). At their initial examination, the employees filled in a questionnaire on basic CVD risk factors (according to valid recommendations). This was supplemented with objective data to determine the risk of CVD using valid charts. From this group, a subset of persons at a high or intermediate risk was selected, comprising 247 individuals with a mean age of 54.1 years (SD = 5.73). After 5-9 years (mean 7.24±1.38 years), they either underwent another examination or their health status was ascertained by phone or in a computer database. The end point was the incidence of cardiovascular events (sudden death, acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina pectoris, percutaneous coronary intervention, cardiac failure, stroke or transient ischemic attack). Results: The end point was noted in a total of 15 males (6.07%) and 6 females (2.42%), being statistically significantly present in managers (males p < 0.00007, females p < 0.00001), male physicians/surgeons (p < 0.025), tertiary-educated males (p < 0.0095), female smokers (p < 0.015), male ex-smokers (p < 0.007), overweight or obese males (p < 0.02) and those with the waist-to-hip ratio above 1.0 (p < 0.005). Conclusions: Cardiovascular events are most likely to occur in obese male physicians/surgeons holding managerial positions and in female managers.
3
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Isoprostanes – A novel major group of oxidative stress markers

61%
Czerska M., Zieliński M., Gromadzińska J.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2015
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vol. 29
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issue 2
179-190
EN
Isoprostanes are a recently discovered group of prostaglandin isomers. Results of previous studies suggest that they can be used as oxidative stress markers, because in a number of cardiovascular, pulmonary and neurological diseases their levels in biological samples considerably increase. It has been found that people suffering from diabetes, obesity, homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, moderate hypercholesterolemia, and smokers have higher levels of isoprostanes in urine. The same refers to patients with asthma, Alzheimer disease and Down syndrome. This paper reviews the results of relevant studies.
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