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EN
This article examines the model (models) of civil service fundamental to Lithuania's public policy on civil service after 2004, i.e., after joining the EU. Here the model is considered as a certain description or concept of state civil service or, more accurately, a certain systematic vision or representation of civil service. The article discusses the approaches used for classifying civil service systems and shows the dichotomous understanding of position or career-based civil service systems as groundless. It goes on to describe the premises and opportunities for "career civil service" in Lithuania. Path dependence in the process of civil service reforms in Lithuania and the not entirely unambiguous influence of the EU are described concisely. The discussion on the latest plans for civil service reforms ascertains that managerial priorities predominate therein. Meanwhile these plans ignore the increasingly obvious alienation between civil service and the public-at-large in Lithuania and the necessity for an orientation towards the principles and priorities of participatory governance alongside the managerial priorities.
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EN
The aim of the paper is to analyze the military career structure in the National Defence System (NDS) as well as its improvement in the context of modern developments. The aim of the research is to provide guidelines for the improvement of the structure after the assessment of the military career structure of professional military officers in the Lithuanian Armed Forces. The article is prepared using the following methods: meta-analysis of scientific and specific literature, comparison, generalization and the survey of the professional military officers from the NDS. The target group was 332 professional military officers. A research revealed that the management of career processes of modern statutory bodies is still based more on the concept of a traditional rather than modern career. A career is seen here as career advancement, moving to a higher level and being rewarded a higher military rank. The military career structure and its management are regulated by law. However, due to the abundance of legislation we face with too much information and too many procedures in different normative documents, long bureaucratic procedures which do not ensure the efficiency of the military career structure and may violate the basic management principles, i.e. complexity, equality, competition, impartiality, transparency and consistency. A quantitative research revealed that the majority of Lithuanian officers are dissatisfied with the existing military career structure, which is formal, fragmented and focused on the organization rather than the person as a valuable element of the organization. After analyzing managerial aspects of the career structure, was identified that the military career structure applies only individual career planning and organizing tools. Also, the research revealed key problematic areas: officers lack information with respect to career opportunities, they are not included in career planning, request forms regarding their career or qualifications are rarely filled in, the potential of a career manager is not explored and prepared individual career plans are purely a formality. This is in conflict with the procedures and requirements found in the Officer Career Concept and other legislation.
EN
Career is an important aspect for both the employee and the employer. The employee who is aware of the development of his or her career seeks to achieve the set objectives for his or her own benefit as well as for the organization. The aim of this paper is to present the topic related to the development and management of a professional career in the company, and its interaction with the employee and the company.
PL
Kariera zawodowa to ważny aspekt dotyczący zarówno pracownika, jak i pracodawcy. Pracownik, mając świadomość rozwoju swojej kariery zawodowej, stara się realizować wyznaczone cele na korzyść swoją i danej organizacji. Celem pracy jest przedstawienie tematyki związanej z rozwojem i zarządzaniem karierą zawodową w przedsiębiorstwie oraz jej wzajemne oddziaływanie na pracownika oraz przedsiębiorstwo.
PL
Pojęcie kariery jest wieloznacznym i złożonym konstruktem. Wynika to między innymi z coraz wyraźniejszego zainteresowania niniejszą kategorią pojęciową przez badaczy różnych dyscyplin oraz z jakości przeobrażeń współczesnej rzeczywistości, która nakłada nową optykę na problematykę tego zagadnienia. Podejmowany dyskurs, będący dialogiem dotyczącym funkcjonowania człowieka na współczesnym rynku pracy, odchodzi od tradycyjnego ujęcia kariery jako własności zawodu czy organizacji. Ambiwalencja i permanentna zmiana nie tylko uniemożliwiają długofalowe planowanie, ale także przyczyniają się do dezaktualizacji obowiązujących wcześniej założeń społecznych. Taka sytuacja wymaga od jednostki umiejętności samodzielnego konstruowania i realizowania wizji własnej przyszłości oraz elastycznego modyfikowania założonego planu w zależności od zaistniałych warunków. Dlatego też, impulsem do refleksji podjętej nad karierą, staje się temat przyjmowania przez podmiot postawy prorozwojowej i proaktywnej wobec własnej przyszłości zawodowej. Wyraża się ona w umiejętnym rozpoznaniu i wykorzystaniu czynników środowiskowych, mogących wspomóc urzeczywistnianie subiektywnie stworzonej koncepcji sukcesu.
EN
Career is a very complicated matter due to the interest of other branches of science and the changes in the modern world, which generate additional complexity to the problem. This discourse is an interdisciplinary dialogue about the functioning of a human being in the modern job market, which rejects the traditional approach to career as an attribute of a profession or organization. Ambivalence and permanent change not only make long-term planning impossible but also make traditional social presumptions obsolete. This situation demands an ability to construct and implement a vision of ones own future and an ability to modify this plan according to the changing environment. Because of this, a proactive approach to ones career becomes a necessity. It is expressed in a correct assessment and use of environmental factors which help to realize the subjective concept of success.
EN
The main theme of the article is the thesis that man's engagement in the process of professional work is engaged in a number of antinomies. The problem of contemporary economics has been analyzed. It has been revealed that situation in which the majority of people excluded from social debate due to their lack of competences become a useful medium subjected to various and constant manipulation by mass media. This leads to the situation where actions undertaken in order to solve the problems stemming from participation in the contemporary work market do not provide satisfactory solutions. It has been stressed that a way to overcome the limiting factors, including, biological limitations, is through cooperation, requiring approval of a non-personal group objective, the realization of which requires taking into consideration many factors, characterized by the context of action. We do not dispose of the prognostic theory covering the entire functioning of man and satisfactory manners of dealing with the challenges people face. Perhaps the reason for such a state of affairs is inability of the society treated as a system to provide “self-explanation” and in this situation the way to solve man's problems is a constant process of examination of reality man creates and undertaking pragmatic attempts to solve the dilemma he faces.
EN
In this article, the author considers the role of non-linear careers in the initial period of professional life. The non-linear careers are defined as not systematic and not always foreseeable path, which do not run through homogenous spheres of professional activity but fit well into the space of contemporary, global labour market and provide solutions to adapt to liquid modern reality. The basic issues, faced by the author, are non-linear careers seen as a means of exploration and used to build a portfolio of professional experiences by young people if they are implemented. Are they deliberately planned or are they the result of economic pressure. What is the attitude of youth and young adults to the non-linear character of the career, whether this kind of career path is considered to increase the chances on the labour market or not? The reflections are supported by the analysis of the results of survey conducted among non-stationary students. The starting point of the presen­ted research is the results of earlier exploratory analyses conducted by the author. This allowed to distinguish two main models of nonlinear careers: first model in which is used unrelated knowledge and skills and the second based on a single core competence which is used in various sectors. Isolated models are used in the research presented in the article to determine the type of career of the respondents. The career path of the respondents is also analysed in terms of the intention of the occupational activities undertaken as part of career management.
PL
W artykule autorka podejmuje rozważania dotyczące roli karier nieliniowych w początkowym okresie życia zawodowego człowieka. Kariery nieliniowe nie przebiegają systematycznie i w jednolitych sferach działalności zawodowej, ich przebieg nie jest więc łatwy do przewidzenia. Tego typu kariery wpisują się w przestrzeń współczesnego globalnego rynku pracy i stanowią rozwiązania pozwalające na dostosowywanie się do płynnej rzeczywistości. Podstawowe zagadnienia stawiane przez autorkę dotyczą tego, czy realizowane kariery nieliniowe przez młodzież i młodych dorosłych: 1) są postrzegane jako sposób na eksplorację; 2) są wykorzystywane do budowania portfela doświadczeń zawodowych przez młodych ludzi; 3) na ile są świadomie planowane, a na ile są wynikiem przypadku lub przymusu ekonomicznego; 4) jaki jest stosunek młodych ludzi do nieliniowego charakteru kariery, czy tego rodzaju ścieżka zawodowa jest uznawana jako zwiększająca szanse na rynku pracy, czy wręcz przeciwnie. Rozważania literaturowe zamieszczone w pierwszej części artykułu zostały wsparte wynikami badań ankietowych przeprowadzonych wśród 162 studentów studiów niestacjonarnych. Punktem wyjścia prezentowanych badań są wyniki wcześniejszych analiz eksploracyjnych, które pozwoliły na wyodrębnienie dwóch głównych modeli karier nieliniowych. Wyodrębnione modele są wykorzystane w badaniach prezentowanych w artykule do określenia typów karier respondentów oraz ich oceny przez badanych pod względem między innymi przydatności na rynku pracy. Przebieg karier respondentów jest analizowany także pod kątem intencjonalności podejmowanych działań związanych z pracą w kontekście zarządzania własną karierą.
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