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„Můžeš prostě říct, že máš babičku“: Vietnamské děti, české babičky a význam prarodičovství v jejich biografiích

100%
Souralová A.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2015
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vol. 51
|
issue 5
815-845
EN
Vietnamese immigrant parents in the Czech Republic often hire Czech nannies for their children. The nannies are usually recently retired women who welcome the opportunity for daily (paid) activity. Close daily contact between a nanny and a child leads to the formation of kinship ties: the nanny becomes the child’s grandmother, and the cared-for child becomes the nanny’s grandchild. Drawing on in-depth interviews the author examines these intergenerational relationships and focuses on how the nannies and the children understand these relationships in the context of their biographies. To this end the author poses two questions: How does the kinning process between nanny and child occur? What is the meaning of the established kinship ties for the Czech grandmothers and their Vietnamese grandchildren? The main argumentation is based on the assumption that children need grandmothers and women need to be grandmothers. The author argues that both of these needs are fulfilled in the daily practice of caregiving and thereby in the formation of strong emotional ties that in many respects override the biogenetic ties. In this particular case study, paid caregiving is found to give rise to new kinds of kinship relations and to enable women and children to be active parts of an intergenerational relationship. The unique case of ties between migrant families and Czech/native-born women also serves as a potential way of reconceptualising grandparenthood, grandchildhood, and intergenerational relationships.
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‘NO ONE KNOWS ANYTHING’: KINSHIP CAREGIVERS AND THEIR EXPERIENCES WITH SOCIAL SERVICES IN POLAND

88%
GRZELKA M., SZOSTAKOWSKA K.
Society Register
|
2019
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vol. 3
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issue 4
97-114
EN
This paper provides a window into the ways kinship caregivers of elderly persons and people with disabilities describe their experiences with social services in Poland. Kinship caregivers in Poland, the majority of whom are women, often struggle with inadequate access to social services dedicated to people with disabilities and the elderly. One of the major issues faced by caregivers who try to secure these services, are complex rules and regulations which frequently make it very difficult to access information and assistance. By the way of critical discourse analysis, this paper examines letters by and interviews with kinship caregivers in Poland. These two data sets present the problems faced by kinship caregivers of elderly persons and people with disabilities who are frequently left frustrated by their interactions the social services system and its gatekeepers. Therefore, the authors hope that this study will provide policymakers responsible for social policy in Poland with some useful insights and suggestions.  
3
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Paid Caregiving in the Gendered Life Course: A Study of Czech Nannies in Vietnamese Immigrant Families

75%
Souralová A.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2015
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vol. 51
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issue 6
959-992
EN
Vietnamese immigrant families in the Czech Republic often recruit Czech women to look after their children. Seen in the context of the dominant scholarship, this is a quite unique case in the field of care work where the employers are immigrants, while the employees are women of the host country. Drawing upon fifteen in-depth interviews with Czech nannies, this article analyses the motivations to become a nanny in a Vietnamese family. It employs the perspective of the life course in order to understand what changes in women’s biographies lie behind these decisions. The author focuses on the transitions in nannies’ life cycles at the crossroads of three aspects of their biographies: the family caregiving role, position in the labour market and the welfare state, and the meaning of paid caregiving. By looking at how women experience and attach meaning to transitions and phases in their life, which lead them to take a gendered job as a nanny, the author sheds light on the dynamics of the complex processes (taking place in families, the labour market, or the welfare state) that constitute these changes. This article—through the analysis of the motivations to become nannies—illuminates the broader issues of how gendered biographies are shaped under particular socio-economic and historical conditions, as well as by particular cultural expectations of caregiving.
4
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“My Monster Self”: Violence and Survival in Margaret Atwood’s Moral Disorder

75%
Fakhrshafaie N., Bahremand A.
Text Matters: A Journal of Literature, Theory and Culture
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2021
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issue 11
263-278
EN
Margaret Atwood’s novels are usually celebrated for their blunt feminism. However, in Moral Disorder-a series of interconnected stories that forms a novel-feminist concerns are replaced with worries about territory and survival. The protagonist is an insider whose sole concern is to survive and to protect her territory. The confrontation between the narrator as the insider and the outsiders does not occur directly but could be inferred by her cruelty toward other characters and her violence against the animals under her care. The present study argues that this cruelty, which abounds in the novel, could be viewed as a substitute for violence against the outsiders. The narrator’s gaze at the Indian boy who entered the protagonist’s territory manifests a garrison mentality. The frequent references to axes in the novel are compared to the use of axes in “Wilderness Tips,” a short story by Atwood in which axes also have a metaphoric significance. The beheading and dismemberment of domestic animals could be the punishment awaiting the intruder. The novel establishes a division between the insider/outsider, here/there, self/other and civilized/barbaric to call for action and awareness about the importance of protecting one’s territory.
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Konflikty rodzinne pomiędzy dorosłym rodzeństwem o opiekę nad starzejącymi się rodzicami a mediacje rodzinne

75%
Przybyła-Basista H.
Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne
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2015
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issue 1(16)
7-20
EN
The objective of this paper is to present an overview of the literature on conflicts between adult siblings concerning caregiving to elderly parents. Aging process of parents involves a lot of new issues, decisions and can bring the best or the worst in sibling relationships. Potential sources of conflicts may emerge from the lack of clarity in families as to who and to what extent is supposed to give support to aging parents. The perspective of long time caregiving to older parents may for many adult children be hard to imagine and difficult to render. The intergenerational solidarity paradigm was used as a conceptual framework in explanation of motivation of adult siblings to support their older parents and successfully resolve all conflicts. The article concludes with a recommendation of using family mediation as a valu- able method of conflict resolution between adult siblings concerning caregiving to older parents.
6
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Caring obligations and transition to retirement among people aged 50-69 in Poland

63%
Abramowska-Kmon A.
Ubezpieczenia Społeczne. Teoria i praktyka
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2019
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issue 3/2019
115-138
EN
Family situation and caregiving duties may increase the chances of retirement among people in older productive age groups, mostly among women, who take care of dependent family members or grandchildren more often than men. The purpose of the paper was the analysis of the determinants of retirement among Poles aged 50-69 taking into account their caring obligations. Data from the two waves of the Polish Generations and Gender Survey (GGS-PL) carried out in the years 2010-2011 and 2014-2015 were used. The obtained results show that regular care provided to an adult was negatively associated with the probability of retirement for men, while this relationship was positive for women, although not statistically significant. However, the co-residence with an older parent increased the likelihood of retirement for women which may be a proxy for providing care to a dependent adult. It should be highlighted that this association holds for economically inactive individuals. Moreover, caring for grandchildren increases the probability of retirement, notably for not employed women.
PL
Sytuacja rodzinna oraz sprawowanie opieki nad innymi osobami mogą zwiększać prawdopodobieństwo dezaktywizacji zawodowej osób w wieku okołoemerytalnym, zwłaszcza kobiet, które częściej niż mężczyźni sprawują opiekę nad niesamodzielnymi członkami rodziny lub wnukami. Celem artykułu jest analiza czynników różnicujących szanse przejścia na emeryturę wśród osób w wieku 50-69 lat w Polsce. Do analiz wykorzystano dane z pierwszej i drugiej rundy badania “Generacje i Rodziny” (GGS-PL) przeprowadzonego w Polsce w latach 2010–2011 oraz 2014–2015. Wyniki analiz pokazują, że sprawowanie regularnej opieki nad osobą dorosłą wiązało się dla mężczyzn z istotnie mniejszym prawdopodobieństwem przejścia na emeryturę, zaś dla kobiet – z większym, choć nieistotnym statystycznie. Jednakże w przypadku kobiet relacja między współzamieszkiwaniem ze starszym rodzicem a przejściem na emeryturę była istotnie dodatnia, co oznacza większe szanse przejścia na emeryturę tej grupy kobiet i tym samym można pośrednio powiązać to z udzielaniem wsparcia osobie dorosłej. Należy podkreślić, że relacja ta była istotna statystycznie zwłaszcza wśród osób niepracujących. Sprawowanie opieki nad wnukami zwiększało szanse przejścia na emeryturę, głównie niepracujących kobiet.
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Opieka nad zależnymi osobami starszymi w rodzinie: ryzyko i ambiwalencja

51%
Rosochacka-Gmitrzak M., Racław M.
Studia Socjologiczne
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2015
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issue 2(217)
23-47
PL
W artykule analizujemy pojęcie opieki nieformalnej nad osobami starszymi jako dynamiczny proces o charakterze instrumentalnym (zmienne zestawy czynności, miejsc i powiązań interpersonalnych) i emocjonalnym. Wskazujemy, że współcześnie opieka nieformalna dla opiekuna staje się ryzykiem, którego nie antycypują w adekwatny sposób polityki społeczne w krajach naszego kontynentu. Dodatkowo, w państwach posttransformacyjnych poleganie na krewnych i wykorzystywanie sieci społecznych jest często jedyną dostępną i konieczną strategią radzenia sobie przez seniora z deprywacją potrzeb – w obliczu doznawanego ubóstwa i słabości instytucjonalnego wsparcia. Zmiany socjo-kulturowe i demograficzne wskazują jednak na wzrost znaczenia emocji i dyktowanych nimi wyborów w podejmowaniu trudu opieki nad osobami starszymi. Zmieniają się relacje międzypokoleniowe, które coraz częściej będą miały charakter ambiwalentny.
EN
The paper analyzes the term of informal caregiving for frail older adults as a dynamic process of both instrumental (unsettled activity sets, places and interpersonal connections) and emotional character. We depict informal caregiver’s “social” risk as inadequately anticipated by social policies in Europe. In post-transformational countries relying on kin and social networks is generally the solely accessible and necessary strategy to adapt by frail older adult in the face of needs’ deprivation – a consequence of poverty and weakness of institutional support. However, sociocultural and demographic changes denote an increase in the meaning of emotions and resulting choices when taking up the strain of caregiving for frail older adults. Moreover, dynamic intergenerational relations are about to be of more and more ambivalent nature.
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