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EN
This article looks back to the book The Library of Henry James published in 1987 by James’s most renowned and possessive biographer Leon Edel and the biographer’s friend, the independent scholar Adeline Tintner. While Edel outlines the history of James’s book collection in his house in Great Britain, Tintner offers examples of James’s use of the trope of library in his fiction. In between the two essays, the two authors included a catalog of James’s collection in Rye, indicating the location of all the items as of 1987. This article relies on the information provided in Edel and Tintner’s book, to which little has been added since, and offers a theoretical and historical approach to the topic of library in the context of Henry James’s biography and literary heritage. The article gives theoretical ramifications to the findings of Edel and Tintner by distinguishing between the three meanings of “library:” a physical space, a cataloged collection, and a literary trope. It also juxtaposes Edel’s biographical-historical essay and Tintner’s literary analysis with the autobiography of Henry James, in which the library emerges as a place partaking of several traditions: patriarchy, the process of initiation and maturation along with social and national self-fashioning.
PL
Nawiązując do znanego już w starożytności zwyczaju, w katedrze szczecińskiej umieszczono dwie tablice wykonane z białego marmuru, na których znajdują się imiona biskupów misyjnych, pomorskich i kamieńskich, a także biskupów i arcybiskupów szczecińsko- kamieńskich. Depositio episcoporum, czyli katalog, lista zmarłych biskupów, należy do praktyki Kościołów lokalnych czasu starożytności i średniowiecza. Katalogi te stanowiły najstarsze źródło w ustaleniu sukcesji apostolskiej, co dowodzi wierności autentycznej nauce Chrystusa. Ukazanie związku Kościoła lokalnego z Kościołem powszechnym jest świadectwem rangi biskupstwa, a potwierdzenie jego dawności przez wykazanie pełnego „rodowodu” uzasadnieniem, że poprzez sukcesję swój autorytet czerpie z trwania w źródle chrześcijaństwa. Tablica nr 1 obejmuje lata 968–1544. Katalog przedstawia 24 biskupów i 7 elektów. Obok imienia biskupa umieszone zostały lata pontyfikatu oraz rok śmierci. Spis obejmuje biskupów misyjnych z czasów pierwszych Piastów, w których władaniu znalazły się ziemie nad Odrą i Bałtykiem (przełom wieków X i XI), a także biskupów misyjnych z XII wieku, ze św. Ottonem z Bambergu na czele. Kolejne dwa tytuły przedstawiają biskupów pomorskich i biskupów kamieńskich do czasu reformacji. Tablica nr 2 rozpoczyna kolejny etap historii Kościoła, od 1544 roku do czasów nam obecnych. Tablica ta różni się zasadniczo od pierwszej. Depositio episcoporum pojawia się dopiero od 1972 roku (po 428 latach przerwy) pod tytułem episcopi et archiepiscopi sedinenses-caminenses. Ten katalog biskupów poprzedza zapis o jurysdykcji kościelnej, która nieprzerwanie trwała od chwili zlikwidowania katolickiej organizacji kościelnej – po śmierci ostatniego biskupa kamieńskiego Erazma w 1544 roku – aż do erygowania diecezji szczecińsko-kamieńskiej w 1972 roku. Treść tablicy uwidacznia nieprzerwaną ciągłość jurysdykcyjną, czyli troskę i opiekę Stolicy Apostolskiej nad Kościołem zachodniopomorskim pomimo braku jego pełnych organizacyjnych struktur. Artykuł uzasadnia historycznie treść deposito episcoporum, a także podaje uwagi metodyczne o jego opracowywaniu i odczytywaniu. W pracy zostały omówione elementy teologiczno-symboliczno-dekoratywne katalogu biskupów. Umieszczenie tablic w szczecińskiej katedrze w 2015 roku, w jubileusz 875-lecia ustanowienia pierwszego na tych ziemiach biskupstwa pomorskiego z siedzibą w Wolinie (1140), jest wyrazem wielowiekowej kontynuacji misji Kościoła powszechnego, a także świadectwem naszej wspólnoty wiary z przeszłymi pokoleniami, tożsamości i historycznej ciągłości.
EN
Referring to the already known in ancient custom of the Cathedral of Szczecin placed two tables made of white marble, on which are the names of the bishops of the mission, and Pomeranian Kamien, as well as bishops and archbishops of Szczecin – Kamien. Depositio episcoporum, which is a directory, list of deceased bishops, should be to practice the local churches of ancient and medieval time. These directories were the oldest source in determining the apostolic succession, which proves faithful to the authentic teaching of Christ. Showing the relationship of the local Church with the universal Church is a testament to the rank of bishopric and the confirmation of its antiquity by demonstrating a complete origin justification, that through the succession of his authority derives from the duration of the source of Christianity. Plaque 1 covers the years from 968 to 1544 years. The catalog presents 24 bishops and 7 Elect. In addition to the name of the bishop subsequently entered were the years of his pontificate, and year of death. It covers the missionary bishops from the time of the Piast Dynasty, which ruled lands were on the Oder and the Baltic Sea (late X/XI century), as well as missionary bishops from the twelfth century with St Otto of Bamberg at the helm. The next two titles represent the Pomeranian bishops and bishops of Kamien until the Reformation. Plaque 2 begins the next stage of the Church’s history from 1544 years to the time of our present. It is fundamentally different from the first. Depositio episcoporum appears only in 1972 (after a 428 year hiatus) called episcopi et archiepiscopi sedinenses-caminenses. This directory bishops precedes a record of ecclesiastical jurisdiction, which lasted continuously since the elimination of the Catholic church organization – after the death of the last bishop of Kamien Erasmus in 1544 – until the erection of the Diocese of Szczecin – Kamien in 1972. The content of the plaque reveals an unbroken continuity of jurisdiction, that is, care and attention of the Holy See over the western Church despite the absence of its full organizational structures. Article justifies historically the content deposito episcoporum, and also provides methodological notes in its development and reading. In this work they are discussed elements of the theological-symbolic and decorative directory bishops. Placing plaques in Szczecin cathedral in 2015, the 875 anniversary of the first to establish on these lands Pomeranian bishopric based in Wolin (1140) is an expression of centuries of continuing the mission of the universal Church, as well as a testimony of our faith community with past generations, identity and historical continuity.
EN
The researches on the Dominican libraries are poorly advanced, although they already have some scientific descriptions. The least known is the history of the monastic libraries of brothers preachers on the eastern fringe of the First Polish Republic, which after the partitions were the part of the Russian Empire (in the Polish historiography known as “the taken lands”, and in Russian “the western lands”). The Dominican convents on those lands were under the jurisdiction of three provinces – Polish (part of the Volynian province), Russian (second part of the Volynian province, but also the whole Podolian and Kievan provinces), and Lithuanian (Vilnius, Minsk and Grodno provinces). The monasteries varied in size and thus their library collections had also different number of volumes. We did not have the knowledge on that matter so far, as there were no known inventories and catalogues providing such information. Therefore, it is important to discover them, and to determine on this base the sizes of the collections of each monastery. The query in the archives and libraries in Eastern Europe has brought very good results, as it turned out that there can be found many valuable sources on this subject. This paper focuses mainly on the two essential types of sources: inventories and library catalogues. A lot of inventories containing detailed lists of books with titles, places, dates of publication and formats were found. The structure of the inventories is basically unified: the volumes are grouped by fields, such as for instance: Bible, dogmatic theology, moral theology, history of the Church, general history (secular), apologetics, sometimes also banned books (libri prohibiti). The records of volumes contain also cannonical visitations, performed by the bishops or their delegates, which can also be considered as a kind of inventory; similarly to the intrinsic inventories, they are grouped by fields. Rarely, both in the inventories and visitations, there can be found groupings by formats; there are only few examples, this concerns only very small collections. This paper provides an overview on the state of research of Dominican libraries in the eastern borderlands of the First Polish Republic, and later on the western provinces of the Russian Empire. Although those surveys are still week, they can be found not only in Poland, but also in the neighbouring eastern countries. Afterwards, basing on the collected source material, the situation of the monastic libraries during the annexation period is briefly outlined. Finally, the status and locations of stored inventories and other types of collections (and therefore the visitations) are presented. At the end of this work is placed a list of the sources with the year of origin, the current storage in archives or libraries, and the signature. This list does not include, however, the Russian archives and libraries. That requires another queries. The essay is limited only to Polish, Ukrainian, Belarusian, and Lithuanian collections. Certainly, this is not a complete list of sources, but it shows how important is carrying out queries in the sources containing a lot of valuable material. It especially concerns the convents dissolved in 19th century, whose archives and collections were destroyed or dispersed. Nowadays, only those sources can help us to learn the monastic collections, and thus the intellectual culture of brothers.
EN
The most serious losses in Polish written heritage occurred during the Polish- -Swedish wars in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. During each of the three war campaigns the Swedes plundered and took out to Sweden the Polish church (monastery, cathedral or capitular) libraries as well as secular ones, including book collections belonging to Polish kings (Sigismund II Augustus and Sigismund III Vasa). Owing to the Polish endeavors, the 1660 Peace of Oliwa contained a clause that ensured the return of the seized Polish cultural assets but it was not implemented in practice. Consequently, the Polish scholars faced the task of seeking and registering the Polish possessions kept in Swedish book collections. The measures undertaken in this area in the nineteenth, twentieth and twenty-first centuries showed the wealth, diversity and value of the books belonging to Polish written heritage but they covered only a part of it. It is therefore necessary to continue research of this kind, which will enable more thorough knowledge of different aspects of the history of book culture in Poland. They will be also a significant source for historical-bibliological, literature-science, science of science, and similar studies.
PL
Kolekcje polskiego dziedzictwa piśmienniczego najpoważniej ucierpiały w trakcie wojen polsko-szwedzkich w XVII i na początku XVIII w. Podczas każdej z trzech kampanii wojennych Szwedzi grabili i wywozili za Bałtyk polskie biblioteki kościelne (klasztorne, katedralne, kapitulne) oraz świeckie, w tym księgozbiory królów polskich (Zygmunta II Augusta i Zygmunta III Wazy). W oliwskim traktacie pokojowym z 1660 r. strona polsko-litewska zadbała o zapis zapewniający zwrot zagarniętych dóbr kultury Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów, ale nie znalazł on praktycznej realizacji. Przed polskimi badaczami stanęło więc zadanie poszukiwania i rejestracji poloników przechowywanych w zbiorach szwedzkich. Działania prowadzone w tym zakresie w XIX, XX i XXI w. pokazały bogactwo, różnorodność i wartość ksiąg należących do polskiego dziedzictwa piśmienniczego, ale objęły one tylko pewną jego część. Istnieje zatem potrzeba dalszych tego rodzaju badań, które pozwolą na bardziej pogłębione poznanie różnych aspektów dziejów kultury książki w Polsce. Studia te będą też istotnym wkładem do rozważań historyczno-bibliologicznych, literaturoznawczych, naukoznawczych, muzykologicznych i innych.
DE
Im vorliegenden Artikel werden die Prinzipien der Anfertigung gegenständlicher Beschreibungen bei Anwendung der Themenschlagwortsprache KABA vorgestellt. Die Analysen beschränken sich auf Bücher aus dem Bereich der christlichen Theologie. Berücksichtigt wurden die "Quellen der Theologie" - loci theologici - mit der Bibel als der grundlegendsten Quelle sowie der Lehre der Kirchenväter, der päpstlichen Unterweisung, den Konzilsdokumenten und den Dokumenten der jeweiligen Bischofskonferenzen. Vor-gestellt wurden außerdem die Prinzipien der thematischen Katalogisierung des Schrifttums auf dem Gebiet der Bibelwissenschaft und des die übrigen Quellen der Theologie betreffenden Schrifttums.
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