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PL
Augustine of Hippo was the most eminent Church theologian at the close of antiquity. His influence is perceptible until the present day. The path which led him to Christianity was typical for the period of the late Roman Empire, when various religious currents would contend. It seems that the problems of antique culture were of secondary significance in his conversion.  
EN
St. Augustine, first as a presbyter then as a bishop of Hippo, prepared catechumens for baptism. In accordance with the practice of the Church of the time, this preparation took place during Lent. The proper preparation started more or less two weeks before the Easter Vigil. The most important elements of that preparation were so-called “traditio” and “redditio” of the Symbol and of the Lord’s Prayer. Catechumens had to learn these prayers by heart. The mystagogical catechesis started on Easter Sunday. In Hippo, if one can believe preserved texts, a Bishop gave only one sermon on the mystery of the baptism and one on the Eucharist. The other sermons during Easter Week were devoted to an interpretation of the Gospels saying about the resurrection of Jesus Christ.
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EN
The oil of catechumens (oleum catechumenorum) is used in the mysteries of the preparation of catechumens for the reception of baptism. The result of study of the time-honored liturgical books (Sacramentarium gelasianum, Pontificale Romano-germanicum) and the writings of Christian writers is resurrectional theology of oil of catechumens (Cyril of Jerusalem, John Chrysostom). As a consequence of contact with the oil of the catechumens, thesoul of the catechumen is subjected not only to the resuscitation itself. Here is the prospect of a new life: a life free from trouble and sin, a life full of faith and power of God, a life in oneness (παρρησία) with Christ and His sheepfold, a life free from fear of death, a life with hope for the resurrection (cf. card. J. Ratzinger). In catechesis of the Church Fathers the anointing with oil of the catechumens is the forecast of the Passover, forecast of the healthy and free from evil (oil of exorcism, oil of salvation). This anointing gives back a gladness and firms for soul’s faith. It is a symbol of belong to Christ, affiliation and duty for Him (sphragis).
PL
Olej katechumenów (oleum cathechumenorum) stosuje się w misteriach przygotowujących katechumenów do przyjęcia chrztu. Przedłożona w artykule analiza rubryk dawnych ksiąg liturgicznych (Sacramentarium gelasianum, Pontificale Romano-germanicum) oraz pism pisarzy kościelnych pozwala mówić o rezurekcyjnej teologii oleju katechumenów (Cyryl Jerozolimski, Jan Chryzostom). Dusza kandydata do chrztu na skutek zetknięcia się z olejem katechumenów poddawana jest bowiem nie tylko samej reanimacji, ale otwiera się przed nią perspektywa zupełnie nowego życia: życia wolnego od choroby i grzechu, życia przepełnionego wiarą i pełnego mocy Bożej, życia w jedności (παρρησία) z Chrystusem i Jego owczarnią, życia wolnego od lęku przed śmiercią, a także perspektywa życia z nadzieją na zmartwychwstanie (por. kard. J. Ratzinger). W pismach Ojców Kościoła namaszczenie olejem katechumenów jest zapowiedzią paschy, uzdrowienia i uwolnienia, przywraca radość, jest umocnieniem w walce duchowej (olej egzorcyzmu, olej zbawienia), a także symbolem przynależności do Chrystusa, oznaką wybrania i służby dla Niego (sphragis).
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