The article touches on the problem of the intersection of temporal layers and the interdependence of time and space, transmitted in modern documentary and artistic prose through a palette of language tools. This problem is considered on the material of the work of Svetlana Aleksievich “Chernobyl Prayer”, in which the tragic event in the territory of Eastern Europe (modern Ukraine), which was the techno genic catastrophe at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, is transmitted in the form of the polyphony of its involuntary participants. Fragments of the past in the Christian picture of the world are interpreted by the author of the work in the context of the philosophy “for our sins”, against which the temporal perspective of the participants of the event is presented as an apocalypse. The complex of linguistic means in combination with the genre singularity allows us to convey the main idea of the work that the gap in time leads to the collapse of the single space that the Soviet Union was.
The paper presents the history of shaping the category of time in Polish and Ukrainian, that is forms of the present, future and past tenses, based on a reconstruction of appropriate, analogous forms of the Proto-Slavic language. The author analyses the process of shaping tense forms in both languages in detail, revealing their common and specific features. The material is based on works by renowned European linguists (A. Meillet, N. van Wijk, Z. Klemensiewicz, T. Lehr-Spławiński, S. Urbańczyk, S. Dubisz, P. Zhyteckyi, W. Rusanivskyi, P. Kuzniecow, and others), a complete picture of the system of tense forms and the grammatical category of time in a complementary manner in two related languages.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia historię kształtowania się kategorii czasu w języku polskim i ukraińskim, to jest form czasu teraźniejszego, przyszłego i przeszłego na podstawie rekonstrukcji odpowiednich, analogicznych form języka prasłowiańskiego. Autor szczegółowo analizuje proces kształtowania się form czasowych w obu językach, ujawniając ich cechy wspólne i specyficzne. Materiał oparty jest na pracach wybitnych językoznawców europejskich (A. Meillet, N. van Wijk, Z. Klemensiewicz, T. Lehr-Spławiński, S. Urbańczyk, S. Dubisz, P. Żytec’kyj, W. Rusaniws’kyj, P. Kuzniecow i in.). Autor podaje pełny obraz systemu form czasowych i gramatycznej kategorii czasu w sposób komplementarny w dwóch pokrewnych językach.
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