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EN
The purpose of this article is to show two views on the origin of a celibacy for a religious reason in the Catholic Church. The first one which results from the law, and the second one that has divine roots in which the source of such a life is Jesus Christ himself and his disciples. In the second part of the article there are some psychiatrists’ and theologians’ opinions about the possibilities of a mature priestly celibacy life.
EN
The paper deals with the development of the education of women teachers in the Czech Lands, the position of women teachers during the lasts few years of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the creation and importance of women's teachers associations. It depicts the transformation in the teaching profession brought about by the creation of the Czechoslovak Republic, basing itself primarily on an analysis of the Women Teachers Journal.
EN
The article is a reflection on the priesthood and the celibate related with it. The celibate is a topic that causes the discussion over the scandal of pedophilia in the Church, and although there is stressed in the media that no such sexual abuse should be combined with the requirement of the celibacy, these events indirectly provoked a discussion on the meaning of the celibacy and the need for the celibacy in the contemporary reality. There are some who maintains that because of the new look at celibacy is needed. The others ask questions about the origins and the original understanding of the celibacy. Did the medieval canonists and thinkers understand the celibacy in the same way as nowadays? What does the celibacy of a deacon and the priest mean today? What about the married priests of other religious communities, who are asking for the inclusion in the Latin Church? What is the procedure for receiving the dispensation from the celibacy? Is the celibacy with the tomorrow’s Church? Such questions and their answers constitute the main contents of the study.
EN
The aim of this paper is to answer the question: How should the bishop act towards his presbyterate so that its members would not commit sexual offences, particularly the most serious ones? The following issues are presented: the relationship between a bishop and his presbyterate, the bishop’s responsibility for the admission of proper candidates to ordination, the assignment of offices and functions in the diocese, the bishop’s obligation to watch over the discipline of the clergy, the bishop’s responsibility for granting the faculty of hearing the confessions.
EN
Identity of the priest has fully realized in three pervade interactions: to God, to the people and to himself. Unfortunately in times when Catholic Church and priests are attacking, few people look towards on this gift and mystery in this way. Modern world wants to uncover “mystery” of priesthood through the prism of scandals and consumer goods. Bearing in mind the situation of modern man, who suffers on identity crisis, reconcile this situation in her three dimensions: Christological, ecclesiological and eschatological.
EN
This article represents an attempt to expound the meaning of 33rd canon of the Council of Elvira (circa 306 A.D.), based on historical and grammatical criteria, in reference to doubts related to the linguistic understanding of the text. The author argues that the traditional interpretation of the canon as a prescription prohibiting those who have received major orders (i.e. deacons, presbyters and bishops) ha­ving marital relationship is justified (as opposed to authors who agree with the opinion presented by Maurice Meigne). This, in turn, recognises the authenticity of the text as an integral part of the entire collection of the canons of the Council of Elvira. This paper, while presenting a version of the translation of the canon, proposes also some modifications on punctuation marks, which allows the extrac­tion of the full meaning of the text.
PL
Problematyka podjęta w artykule dotyczy sakramentu święceń, a ściśle przygotowania do święceń według wymogów Kodeksu Prawa Kanonicznego z 1983 r. i nowego Ratio fundamentalis institutionis sacerdotalis, które zostało wydane w 2016 r. W pierwszej części artykułu zaprezentowano kanony odnoszące się do wymogów ważności święceń oraz ich godziwości. Druga część jest prezentacją norm zawartych w Ratio fundamentalis. W artykule przytoczono także inne, obowiązujące normy prawa, które są przejawem troski Kościoła o właściwą formację przyszłych kapłanów.
EN
The study focuses on the sacrament of Holy Orders, in particular the preparation process to sacred ordination according to the requirements of the 1983 Code of Canon Law and the new Ratio fundamentalis institutionis sacerdotalis published in 2016. Canons relating to the prerequisites of the validity of sacred ordination and their fairness were presented in part one of the article. The norms included in Ratio fundamentalis were introduced in part two. Other binding rules of law which are the object of Church concern of proper formation of priests-to-be were also mentioned in the article.
Studia Humana
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2016
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vol. 5
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issue 4
5-33
EN
Eusociality is the most successful animal social system on earth. It is found in many social insects, a few crustacean species, and only three vertebrates: two African naked mole rats and human beings. Eusociality, so unusual for a vertebrate, is one of main factors leading to human beings becoming the most successful land vertebrate on earth by almost any measure. We are also unique in being the only land vertebrate with religions. Could the two be related? This article will present evidence, illustrated primarily with Judaism and Christianity, that these two seemingly unrelated social systems – eusociality and religion – that correlate temporally in our evolution, are possibly related. Evidence will also be presented that a (mostly) non-reproducing exemplar caste of celibate clergy was a eusocial-facilitating aspect of religion in western social evolution.
PL
Artykuł jest prezentacją materiału empirycznego zebranego w badaniach na terenie diecezji koszalińsko-kołobrzeskiej, dotyczącego stosunku do duchowieństwa. Biorąc pod uwagę znane w dyskursie naukowym wymiary badań nad postawami wobec Kościoła i duchowieństwa, w socjologii religii badany jest odbiór Kościoła instytucjonalnego oraz duchowieństwa przez katolików, co stanowi jeden z bardziej kontrowersyjnych tematów obecnych w dyskursie publicznym obejmującym zagadnienia religijne. W prezentowanych badaniach respondenci byli pytani o stosunek do duchownych i sposobu wykonywania przez nich swojej misji, a także o przydatność księży dzisiaj, o ocenę zalet i wad osobowych oraz zawodowych księży, a także o pogląd na temat celibatu duchownych.
EN
The article is a presentation of the empirical material collected in research in the Koszalin-Kolobrzeg (Kołobrzeg) diocese regarding the attitude to the clergy. Considering the dimensions of research on attitudes towards the Church and the clergy, the reception of the institutional Church and the clergy by Catholics is examined in the sociology of religion. This is one of the most controversial topics in public discourse covering religious issues. In the presented research, respondents were asked about the attitude to the clergy and the way they perform their mission, as well as the usefulness of priests today, advantages and disadvantages of personal and professional priests, as well as the view on the celibacy of the clergy.
EN
The first teacher was Jesus Christ. He prepared the apostles to preach the Gospel. Then prepare for the priesthood, took various forms. In the first centuries of Christianity, it was important ascetical and spiritual preparation for the priesthood. Appropriate knowledge and holy life – it was a program to prepare for the priesthood. Created a community where young people prepare for the priesthood.
PL
Artykuł dotyczy opublikowanego dnia 14 czerwca 2014 r. dokumentu Kongregacji Kościołów Wschodnich Pontificia Praecepta de clero Uxorato Orientali, na podstawie którego na terenach, które nie są tradycyjnymi regionami wschodnimi w rozumieniu prawa katolickich Kościołów wschodnich, a na których są obecne wspólnoty katolików wschodnich, będzie można udzielać święceń żonatym mężczyznom. Autor analizuje zawartość treściową dokumentu, wyjaśnia problemy natury terminologicznej oraz jego usytuowanie w systemie prawa kanonicznego, podejmując także kwestie problematyczne.
XX
The article concerns the document of the Congregation for the Eastern Churches Pontificia Praecepta de clero Uxorato Orientali published on 14 June 2014, under which outside the traditional Eastern territories within the meaning of the law of the Eastern Catholic Churches, and where the Eastern Catholics reside, the married men can be ordained. The author analyzes the content of the document, explains the terminological problems and its place in the system of canon law, taking up the problematic issues.
EN
The aim of this paper is to answer the question: How should the bishop act towards his presbyterate so that its members would not commit sexual offences, particularly the most serious ones? The following issues are presented: the relationship between a bishop and his presbyterate, the bishop’s responsibility for the admission of proper candidates to ordination, the assignment of offices and functions in the diocese, the bishop’s obligation to watch over the discipline of the clergy, the bishop’s responsibility for granting the faculty of hearing the confessions.
Verbum Vitae
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2013
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vol. 24
135-148
EN
The present article is an analysis of 1 Corinthians 7:1-40. It presents the relevance of the choice of one’s way of life, either in marriage or in celibacy. Considering the passing away of this life, St. Paul showed the Corinthians the value of virginity as a testimony of the Kingdom of God. According to the apostle, this particular form of life is the best preparation for the eternal life. It enables a person to completely devote his/her life to the preaching of the Kingdom. St. Paul chose this way of living in order to commit himself to the proclamation of the Gospel. Celibacy freed him from all concerns related to the providing for the family. The teachings comprised in the analyzed text are particularly relevant for Christians living in the early twenty-first century. 1 Cor 7: 29-31 is utterly opposed to the models of life preferred in the contemporary world. In light of this utterance, it is worth asking where we can be led by this world that has chosen a completely different way of living. It is no wonder that modern man is not able to understand the value of virginity and celibacy which are a call to conversion and a sign of the Kingdom that will be opposed.
Teologia w Polsce
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2015
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vol. 9
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issue 2
179-193
EN
The article presents the subject of celibacy in the context of cultural chaos in sexual life, which we observe in the contemporary world. The sexuality, marked by the original sin, seems to be an ambiguous phenomenon: on the one hand, it is a sphere through which we can express our deep love towards the other person, but on the other hand, it is a sphere when we egoistically abuse the others. Because of this ambiguity, sexuality easily becomes a god for a person, taking real God’s place in his heart. The Gospel gives people infinite freedom from everything, which is not God, also from sexual fulfillment. Then, the celibacy becomes the feature of every Christian, as they enjoy spiritual freedom and thus, they are ready to give up their sexual lives. Thanks to the freedom, given by the Holy Spirit, every Christian becomes a sign of the fact that only God himself can bring a person lasting and deep happiness.
PL
Mało jest rzeczywistości eklezjalnych, które spotykają się dziś z tak wielkim niezrozumieniem, jak bezżenność dla Królestwa Bożego. Niektórym zdaje się ona zjawiskiem zupełnie niemieszczącym się we współczesnej kulturze, inni ogłaszają, że jest ona właściwie niemożliwa. Tymczasem bezżenność jest ważnym znakiem, który może okazać się Dobrą Nowiną dla ludzi współczesnych, niepotrafiących zrozumieć właściwego znaczenia seksualności w życiu człowieka. Bezżenność nie jest ponadto czymś dotyczącym jedynie niektórych chrześcijan – w pewnym sensie jest ona cechą każdego wierzącego, tak że można mówić o swoistej bezżenności potencjalnej chrześcijan.
EN
The issue of celibacy obligations for clerics according to the Code of Canon Law of 1983 was taken up in the article. This problem contains the following items: 1) theological and legal basis for the celibacy obligation; 2) celibacy obligation in the Code of Canon Law of 1983; 3) celibacy in selected documents issued after the Code of Canon Law of 1983; 4) conclusion. Legislator in can. 277, binding the clerics to celibacy, indicates the source of this obligation, what is the candidate’s own will to the orders. According to the can. 277, celibacy means chastity sensu stricto (in a perfect way). Canon Law regulation concerning celibacy law has a long Church tradition. When cleric does not obey this obligation, penal sanctions are applied. Celibacy which is voluntarily accepted and experienced in a proper way is a spiritual reality sign, contributes to the salvation of souls which is the supreme law in the Church.
Teologia w Polsce
|
2015
|
vol. 9
|
issue 2
179-193
PL
Mało jest rzeczywistości eklezjalnych, które spotykają się dziś z tak wielkim niezrozumieniem, jak bezżenność dla Królestwa Bożego. Niektórym zdaje się ona zjawiskiem zupełnie niemieszczącym się we współczesnej kulturze, inni ogłaszają, że jest ona właściwie niemożliwa. Tymczasem bezżenność jest ważnym znakiem, który może okazać się Dobrą Nowiną dla ludzi współczesnych, niepotrafiących zrozumieć właściwego znaczenia seksualności w życiu człowieka. Bezżenność nie jest ponadto czymś dotyczącym jedynie niektórych chrześcijan – w pewnym sensie jest ona cechą każdego wierzącego, tak że można mówić o swoistej bezżenności potencjalnej chrześcijan.
EN
The article presents the subject of celibacy in the context of cultural chaos in sexual life, which we observe in the contemporary world. The sexuality, marked by the original sin, seems to be an ambiguous phenomenon: on the one hand, it is a sphere through which we can express our deep love towards the other person, but on the other hand, it is a sphere when we egoistically abuse the others. Because of this ambiguity, sexuality easily becomes a god for a person, taking real God’s place in his heart. The Gospel gives people infi nite freedom from everything, which is not God, also from sexual fulfi llment. Then, the celibacy becomes the feature of every Christian, as they enjoy spiritual freedom and thus, they are ready to give up their sexual lives. Thanks to the freedom, given by the Holy Spirit, every Christian becomes a sign of the fact that only God himself can bring a person lasting and deep happiness.
EN
The article presents the current legal status concerning the possibility of the presbyteral and diaconal ordination in the Catholic Church of the married and unmarried men. The principle is that in the Latin Church the unmarried candidates receive the presbyteral ordination, but married men can also receive the permanent diaconate. The exception to the rule of celibacy in the case of Latin presbyters is the status of the married former Anglican clergy, who after having made the Catholic profession of faith, receive the presbyteral ordination in the Catholic Church. But in the Eastern Catholic Churches the decision concerning the unmarried candidates to sacred orders, pursuant to the provisions of the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches, is the competence of the particular law of each Church sui iuris or special norms established by the Apostolic See depending on the degree of autonomy of the Church. In 2014 the Congregation for the Eastern Churches published the decision of Pope Francis, under which the married men can be ordained and the ministry of married priests is possible in territories non considered “Eastern regions”. The author also attaches an analysis of the particular provisions of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church and the Polish Bishops’ Conference.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia aktualny stan prawny dotyczący możliwości udzielania w Kościele katolickim święceń diakonatu i prezbiteratu mężczyznom żonatym i celibatariuszom. W Kościele łacińskim zasadą pozostaje, że święcenia prezbiteratu kandydaci przyjmują w stanie bezżennym, natomiast diakonat jako stopień stały mogą przyjąć także mężczyźni żonaci. Wyjątkiem od wymogu celibatu w przypadku prezbiterów łacińskich jest status byłych żonatych duchownych anglikańskich, którzy po złożeniu katolickiego wyznania wiary przyjmują święcenia prezbiteratu w Kościele katolickim. Natomiast w katolickich Kościołach wschodnich decyzja odnośnie do żonatych kandydatów do święceń, na podstawie przepisów Kodeksu Kanonów Kościołów Wschodnich, należy do kompetencji władzy ustawodawczej Kościoła sui iuris lub do Stolicy Apostolskiej, w zależności od stopnia samodzielności Kościoła. W roku 2014 Kongregacja Kościołów Wschodnich opublikowała decyzję papieża Franciszka, na podstawie której dopuszczono możliwość udzielania święceń mężczyznom żonatym oraz pełnienia posługi przez żonatych prezbiterów na terytoriach, które nie są uważne za terytoria „tradycyjnie wschodnie”. Autor dołącza także analizę przepisów partykularnych Ukraińskiego Kościoła Greckokatolickiego oraz Konferencji Episkopatu Polski.
PL
Opierając się na analizie publikacji zamieszczanych w czasopiśmie „Ženský svět”, autorka artykułu prezentuje obraz „kobiety nowego typu” w realiach czeskich. Zakres chronologiczny opracowania wyznaczają lata 1900–1907, gdy zapoczątkowana została walka o prawa wyborcze Czeszek. Autorka ukazuje również przebieg procesu uwalniania świadomości kobiet z ram stereotypów społecznych. Przykładem przełamywania tych ograniczeń było dążenie do rozwoju szkolnictwa średniego i zawodowego kobiet oraz otwarcie perspektywy korzystnych dla nich zmian systemowych w szkolnictwie wyższym. Postępujące upodmiotowienie kobiet znajdowało swoje odzwierciedlenie np. w treści reklam prasowych i w likwidacji takich reliktów jak celibat nauczycielek.
EN
Based on the analysis of the articles published in the magazine “Ženský svět”, the author of the research completed the image of “a new type of woman” in the Czech lands. The period of study was defined by an active struggle for women’s suffrage taken in 1900–1907. It was also shown how the deliverance of women’s consciousness from gender stereotypes took place. It was presented in their desire to go beyond the usual framework defined by the society and through the expansion of women’s secondary education, the development of vocational education and the creation of a higher education system strengthened their professionalism and independence.
PL
Problem poruszany w niniejszym artykule brzmi: jakie doktrynalne argumenty stoją za aktualną decyzją Stolicy Apostolskiej o niedopuszczaniu do sakramentu święceń mężczyzn o trwale zakorzenionej orientacji homoseksualnej. Trzyetapowa droga do rozwiązania problemu przebiega następująco: przez ukazanie wybranych treści dokumentów Stolicy Apostolskiej w XX i XXI wieku, prezentację doktrynalnych wątków tam obecnych i próbę oceny ich recepcji w świetle aktualnych wyzwań. Autor odwołuje się do dokumentów Stolicy Apostolskiej oraz wypowiedzi papieży.
EN
The problem addressed in this article is what doctrinal arguments are behind the current decision of the Holy See not to admit men with a deep-seated homosexual orientation to the sacrament of Holy Orders. The problem may be solved in three stages: by showing selected contents of the documents of the Holy See in the 20th and 21st centuries, by presenting the doctrinal themes contained therein and by attempting to evaluate their reception in the light of current challenges. The author invokes the documents of the Holy See and the statements of the popes.
|
2018
|
vol. 65
|
issue 3: Teologia moralna
131-147
EN
The article is an attempt to analyse the relationship between celibacy and the way of experiencing intimacy in the life of the presbyter. The author looks for answers to the question: What is the relationship between the priest's experience of celibacy and the real experience of intimacy on the level of friendship? The article also attempts at determining certain attitudes and behaviours that can deepen the commitment to the spiritual experience of celibacy.
PL
Artykuł stanowi próbę odkrycia relacji pomiędzy celibatem a sposobem przeżywania intymności w życiu prezbitera. Autor szuka odpowiedzi na pytanie: Jaka jest relacja pomiędzy kapłańskim przeżywaniem celibatu a prawdziwym przeżywaniem intymności na płaszczyźnie przyjaźni? Podejmuje się także próby określenia pewnych postaw i zachowań, które mogą pogłębić zaangażowanie w duchowe przeżywanie celibatu.
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