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EN
The article discusses the features and use of artificial resins obtained by ethirification of cellulose. Apart from the two generally known and frequently used ethers: methyl cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose, other ethers were pointed out, such as ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose and benzyl cellulose. The commercial names and names of producers of the more important cellulose ethers were given, with literature concerning their use in the conservation of paper, natural fibre fabrics and paintings done in distemper.
EN
In the article the tw o most important cellulose esters are discussed: nitrocellulose and acetylcellulose. Their physical and chemical properties are given. Their general use and their use in historical object preservation are described, with a list of reference works being included. Particular attention is paid to the very small stability of nitrocellulose and the problems connected with the storage and preservation of nitrocellulose photographic film.
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EN
The article contains a review of glues presently applied in workshops dealing with the conservation of objects with paper bases. The author discusses assorted properties, merits and faults; he also indicates the most important usage of particular glue substances. Considerable attention is devoted to natural glues, traditionally employed in work with paper, such as paste, and gluten glues: gelatin and leather glue, as well as parchment glue and others. The article mentions preparation for work, as well as the properties and application of cellulose derivatives: methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyllocellulose, and cellulose acetate. The article also lists synthetic glues.
EN
The article is an outline of the history of the cellulose and paper factory in Ostrołęka. The decision to build the factory was made in the late 1940s and the building itself was realized in the 1950s to be officially opened in 1959. It has been one of the largest factories in the branch in Poland and the largest employer in Ostrołęka (reaching the peak of well over 2,5 thousand workers). The initial name of the factory was Ostrołęcka Fabryka Celulozy i Papieru, then Ostrołęckie Zakłady Celulozowo-Papiernicze, since 1990 – Intercell and currently – Stora Enso. Cellulose, as it was commonly called, had an enormous influence on the development of the town and region. For the first time in the history of Ostrołęka, the factory created authentic working class. Thanks to the factory, lots of accompanying social, industrial and construction projects have been realized.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia zarys historii fabryki celulozy i papieru w Ostrołęce. Decyzja o jej budowie zapadła w końcu lat 40. XX wieku, a realizowana była w latach 50., otwarcie nastąpiło w 1959 roku. Był to, i jest nadal, jeden z największych zakładów tej branży w Polsce i największe przedsiębiorstwo w Ostrołęce pod względem liczby zatrudnionych osób (maksymalna liczba pracowników to znacznie ponad 2,5 tys.). Początkowo zakład nosił nazwę Ostrołęcka Fabryka Celulozy i Papieru, potem Ostrołęckie Zakłady Celulozowo-Papiernicze, od 1990 roku Intercell i obecnie Stora Enso. Celuloza, jak popularnie nazywano ten zakład, wywarła duży wpływ na rozwój miasta i regionu. Wykształciła się tu, po raz pierwszy w historii Ostrołęki, autentyczna klasa robotnicza. Dzięki fabryce zrealizowanych zostało wiele inwestycji towarzyszących zarówno przemysłowych, jak i socjalno-usługowych.
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