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EN
The aim of the study is to assess the production and economic results of farms of various area sizes specializing in cereal production. The assessment was carried out on the basis of data from farms covered by agricultural accounting in the FADN system in 2020. Classic indicators of productivity and profitability of land, labor and capital were used to assess the management of production factors in the surveyed farms. The analysis shows that with the increase in the size of farms specializing in the production of cereals, their productivity and profitability clearly increases, which is associated with the organization of production and the increase in the level of production intensity in larger farms. Therefore, the expansion of cereal farms leads to a clear improvement in the production and economic results of their activity.
PL
Celem opracowania jest ocena wyników produkcyjnych i ekonomicznych gospodarstw rolnych o różnej wielkości obszarowej specjalizujących się w produkcji zbóż. Ocena została przeprowadzona na podstawie danych z gospodarstw objętych rachunkowością rolną w systemie FADN w 2020 roku. Do oceny gospodarowania czynnikami produkcji w badanych gospodarstwach zastosowano klasyczne wskaźniki produktywności i dochodowości ziemi, pracy i kapitału. Z przeprowadzonej analizy wynika, że wraz ze wzrostem wielkości gospodarstw specjalizujących się w produkcji zbóż wyraźnie wzrastają ich produktywność i dochodowość, co się wiąże z organizacją produkcji i wzrostem poziomu intensywności produkcji w większych gospodarstwach. Wobec tego powiększanie gospodarstw zbożowych prowadzi do wyraźnej poprawy wyników produkcyjnych i ekonomicznych ich działalności.
EN
This article points to the problem of price risk measured with the level of variation in the prices of cereal raw materials and products from 1996 to 2011. It also determines the condi¬tions influencing the scale of this risk. In the context of the research findings the author of the article attempted to conclude that there is price risk transfer on that market within the con¬secutive links of the chain of cereal production. The occurrence of this phenomenon would be of vital importance in the building of a price risk management strategy and stabilisation of income of the business entities in the cereal sector. The research proved that in the entire sector the price risk in cereals is the highest at the production stage. The cereal processing entities proved the tendency to gradually reduce the share of costs of cereal products in retail prices of food. Further analysis of the results gives grounds for the statement that the process of price transfer in the chain of cereal production goes along with the process of risk transfer in consecutive links of the chain. However, this may be limited to the share of the price of the raw material from a lower link in the price of the product from a higher link of the production chain.
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