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EN
The article analyzes twenty-four lexical units connected with the collocation “empty babble”. The material collected from all available lexicographic sources has been examined based upon basic images contained in the formal structures of particular names. It has turned out that the grouped units are formed based on six images going back to the Proto-Slavic era. For instance - 1.’something false’, 2.’something foolish’, 3.’something empty’, 4.’something braided’, 5.’something uttered in fever’, 6.’something as trivial as a fart’. Studying the changes in the analyzed texts (word-forms) the author narrows her research interest down to the contexts in which the above words occur. Upon the acknowledgement of the ‘lexeme use’ in the dictionary registering Old Polish she deduces its meaning value in the particular time frame.
Język Polski
|
2017
|
vol. 97
|
issue 2
60-69
PL
W artykule analizie poddano zebrane z całej historii języka polskiego jednostki leksykalne należące do rodziny wyrazowej rzeczownika „cacko”. Główny kierunek analiz wyznaczano za pomocą metody semazjologicznej. Wychodząc od etymologii, badano, jakimi drogami poszczególne jednostki nabywały nowych sensów, określano charakter tych przesunięć oraz cel, któremu modyfikacje te służyły. Okazało się, że badane jednostki leksykalne sytuowały się w wielu, na pozór dalekich znaczeniowo kategoriach semantycznych, tj. „zabawa”, „ozdoby i dekoracje”, „dobra przemijające”, „uroda”, „praca”, „pieszczota”, „erotyzm”, „obietnica”. Zmiany, jakie na przestrzeni wieków zaszły w ich treściach, dokonywały się bardzo szybko, najczęściej pod wpływem analogii względem dominujących cech desygnatu lub na skutek personifikacji. Ich skutkiem był rozpad semantycznej jedności analizowanej rodziny leksykalnej oraz leksykalizacja wielu jej elementów.
EN
In the article lexical units collected from historical sources of Polish language attributed to the word-family of the noun “cacko” (‘kickshaw’) were investigated. The key element of analysis was determined by the sema-siological (semantic) method. Starting with etymology it was studied in which ways the particular units acquired new senses, also the character and the function of those shifts as well as the goal of those modifications were ascertained. The above-mentioned lexical units were found to be present in a few semantic categories, seemingly far in the meaning, for example: “play”, “trinkets and decoration”, “passing goods”, “good looks”, “work”, “caress”, “eroticism”, “promise”. The changes that occurred over the years in their core meanings were very fast, most often under the influence of the analogy with the dominating features of the desig¬nation or personification. As a consequence of those alterations the decay of semantic unity of the analyzed lexical family followed as well as lexicalization of its many elements.
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