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1

Duchowieństwo patriotyczne – aspekt historyczno-pastoralny

100%
Myszor J.
Studia Pastoralne
|
2014
|
vol. 10
137-145
EN
The article shows various expressions of patriotism and its relationship to nationalism in historical terms. There are two non-competing definitions of patriotism issued in Polish public discourse. The first one presupposes accompanying and even participation in military resistance against an outside enemy, the second consist in organic work – that is in grass-root activities. The Polish Catholic Clergy actively participated in both national uprisings and in organic work. Nowadays the Polish Catholic Clergy plays a role of a memory organizer within a framework of unifying Europe and its tendency to forget or even blot out its history.
2

Dialektyka „swój”–„obcy” w prawicowej filozofii politycznej (1789– –1945)

88%
Wielomski A.
Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem
|
2019
|
vol. 41
|
issue 2
29-54
EN
The aim of the author of this text is to polemicize with the stereotype according to which nationalism is a synonym of the “extreme right.” For this purpose the method of historical exemplification was used. Part I of this text is devoted to defining the concept of the “right” and to present the supporters of the French Revolution and other 19th-century revolutions, their idea of nationalism, the nation-state and sovereignty of the nation. This presentation shows that up to 1890 nationalism is located in the revolutionary left. The first nationalists are Jacobins. The counter-revolutionary right is opposed to nationalism. For this right, nationalism is combined with the idea of empowering nations to the rights of self-determination, which is closely connected with the idea of people’s sovereignty. This situation persists until 1870–1914, when the ideas of national sovereignty are implemented in the politics of the modern states. However, the liberal state does not meet the expectations of nationalists, because it neglects the interests of the nation as the highest value. That is the cause for them moving from the political left to the right part of the political scene, replacing the legitimist right. The latter is annihilated with the decline of aristocracy. In the 19th century, the left is nationalistic and xenophobic. We find clear racist sympathies on the left. The political right does not recognize the right of nations to self-determination, the idea of ethnic boundaries. It is cosmopolitan.
3

Dialektyka „swój”–„obcy” w prawicowej filozofi i politycznej (1789– 1945). Część II

88%
Wielomski A.
Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem
|
2019
|
vol. 41
|
issue 3
45-62
EN
The aim of the author of this text is to polemicize with the stereotype according to which nationalism is a synonym of the “extreme right.” For this purpose the method of historical exemplification was used. In Part II we discuss examples of nationalisms in various European states between the years 1890 and 1945: France, Germany, Spain, Portugal and Italy. This is the epoch when nationalism denies its initial close relationship with the political and revolutionary left. Now it is in close relations with the right. During the Boulanger and Dreyfus affaires in France, the nationalists are on the political right. Their ideology is not only right-wing but also anti-Semitic. Sometimes openly racist (Maurice Barrès). In general, however, French and Italian nationalists preach “state nationalism,” similar to the classic doctrine of raison d’état. In Spain and Portugal the right is strictly Catholic. This is the imperial right. We have here the dream of restoration of the Spanish Siglo de Oro. This project is antithetic to nationalism because it is universalist and supranational. It is different in Germany, where at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries the whole right is lit up by the vision of conquests, German empire, struggle of races. First, the Protestant, then also the German Catholic right is chauvinistic, racist and anti-Semitic. The article ends with reflections upon the relations between political right and the idea of nationalism.
4
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Violations of Comparative Method Application within Internet Discussions of Fiction

75%
Sokolova S.
Journal of Modern Science
|
2018
|
issue 3(38)
87-109
EN
The article characterizes logical method of comparison as an object of scientific research i.e. definition of it has been given, the method’s aims have been mentioned, classifications and types of comparison have been listed. An example of violation of the comparative method application in the Internet discussions devoted to fiction pieces analyses has been considered. The subject of the Internet discussion has been accusations of plagiarism and chauvinistic objections to the necessity of Russianspeaking literature translation into Ukrainian. Purpose: The purpose of the article is to characterize comparative method as an object for the research. Based on specific sample material to analyze facts of manipulation with information through the violation of comparative method application within the Internet discussion. Material and methods: Comparative method has been used in the article – two poems’ texts (Samuil Marshak’s poem “The Absentminded Fellow from Baseynaya Street” in Russian and Ivan Malkovych’s poem “The Absentminded Fellow” in Ukrainian have been compared; the content of the Internet discussion comments has been compared as well. Content and formal features correspondence in terms of the “plagiarism”, “free literary translation”, “literary borrowing” concepts have been analyzed. Deductive method has been applied in the form of logical conclusion based on the integrity of the analyzed facts. Results: Comparison of poems according to formal scheme of poetic piece and their analyses allowed refuting of plagiarism accusations and prove relation of Ivan Malkovych’s poem to the category of literary borrowings – in this very case – to free translation. The article is an example-attempt of scientific well-grounded refutation of information manipulations during Internet discussions, whose aim is to activate negative emotions of average uncritical philistine being unaware of literary work and history of literature.Conclusions: In the sphere of information security the comparative method is both a means of informational aggression (in case of violation of comparison rules application) and anti-manipulation means (if the comparison rules are followed).
5
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Patriotyzm ekonomiczny – droga do wzmocnienia gospodarki czy droga donikąd?

63%
Krzemień R.
Civitas Hominibus. Rocznik filozoficzno-społeczny
|
2019
|
vol. 14
63-75
EN
In Polish society, after a period of fascination with ‘abroad’, patriotic attitudes are being revived. This ‘patriotism’ takes different forms, including the form of economic patriotism. It is often reduced to consumer ethnocentrism, but it also has a wider dimension. It should concern the attitudes of consumers and entrepreneurs. It cannot, however, take the form of economic chauvinism.
PL
W polskim społeczeństwie, po okresie fascynacji zagranicą, odradzają się postawy patriotyczne. Patriotyzm ten przybiera różne formy, a jedną z nich staje się patriotyzm gospodarczy. Często sprowadza się go wyłącznie do etnocentryzmu konsumenckiego, ale musi on mieć szerszy wymiar. Powinien dotyczyć postaw nie tylko reprezentowanych przez konsumentów, ale również przez przedsiębiorców. Nie może jednak przybierać postaci ekonomicznego szowinizmu.
6
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Problematyka relacji polsko-litewskich w świetle teorii mimetycznej René Girarda

51%
Zambrzycki M.
Studia Gdańskie
|
2011
|
issue 29
275-303
PL
Polska i Litwa to dwa państwa o wspólnej wielowiekowej historii. Znacznym problemem u północnych sąsiadów Polski jest szowinizm, który miał okazję odrodzić się po upadku ZSRR. Przez lata skrywany, największego wroga znalazł w polskości i stanowi obecnie główny czynnik jednoczący. Litwini posiadają wynikły z zaszłości historycznych kompleks polskości, który wynika z utożsamiania polskości z prestiżem. Przedmiot analizy, czyli relacje polsko-litewskie, został w niniejszym artykule naświetlony z wykorzystaniem metody badawczej, której autorem jest francuski antropolog René Girard (1923-). Ową metodą jest teoria mimetyczna.
EN
Poland and Lithuania are two countries with many centuries of common history. But there is one significant problem among the northern neighbours of Poland – chauvinism, which had a chance to be reborned after the fall of the Soviet Union. Hidden over the years, its biggest enemy found in Polishness and now is the main unifying factor for Lithuanians. They have Polishness complex, which is the result of historical claims between two countries and also identifying Polishness with prestige. The subject of presented analysis; relations between Poland and Lithuania; was examined on the strength of mimetic theory of French anthropologist René Girard (1923-).
7
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Nacjonalizm. Ewolucja myśli politycznej. Zarys problemu

45%
Wojtaszak A.
Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego ACTA POLITICA
|
2015
|
vol. 32
|
issue 2
5-28
EN
THE POLITICAL EVOLUTION OF THE NATIONALISTIC THOUGHT. AN OUTLINE OF THE PROBLEM The article presents the evolution and development of nationalist ideas in the modern world. Nationalist concepts are as traditional as the same process of creating nations. In our reality is associated with a number of issues, such as distinct language, culture, tradition,history, territorial community, economics, religion and so on. As a result, these differences affect the formation of separatism, desire to extract their own nation in the form obtain separate autonomous rights or your own countries. Nationalism carries the positive factors, unites the community, allows you to specify the boundaries of national interest, it gives a sense of separateness and togetherness, it lets survive tough times, etc. Nationalism becomes dangerous in a situation adopt its extreme forms – chauvinism, crises may in fact lead to open confrontation. be a hotbed of new wars. Today’s nationalism adopts new forms of interaction. Instead of meeting places churches have become such pubs, bars or place of daily meetings of local communities, and career starts doing the term pop-nationalism.
PL
Prezentowany artykuł dotyczy kwestii ewolucji i rozwoju idei nacjonalistycznych we współczesnym świecie. Koncepcje nacjonalistyczne są tak tradycyjne, jak proces tworzenia narodów. W naszej rzeczywistości związane to jest z wieloma kwestiami, jak odrębnościjęzykowe, kulturowe, tradycja, historia, wspólnota terytorialna, ekonomia, religia itd. W konsekwencji odmienności te wpływają na powstawanie separatyzmów, chęci wyodrębnienia własnej nacji w postaci uzyskania autonomicznych praw lub własnego państwa. Nacjonalizm niesie w sobie czynniki pozytywne, jednoczy społeczności, pozwala określić granice interesu narodowego, daje poczucie odrębności i wspólnotowości, pozwala przetrwać trudne czasy. Nacjonalizm staje się niebezpieczny w sytuacji przyjęcia swej skrajnej formy – szowinizmu, kryzysy mogą bowiem prowadzić do otwartej konfrontacji, być zarzewiem nowych wojen. Dzisiejszy nacjonalizm przyjmuje nowe formy oddziaływania. Miejscami spotkań zamiast kościołów stały się np. puby, bary czy też miejsca codziennych spotkań społeczności lokalnych, a karierę zaczyna robić określenie pop-nacjonalizm.    
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