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EN
The paper introduces the Pictorial Assessment of Interpersonal Relationship (PAIR) developed by Bombi et al. (Bombi, Pinto, Cannoni, 2007). The research instrument can be applied to children from 6–14 years old to analyze and compare drawings of interpersonal relationships along 6 main scales (Cohesion, Distancing, Similarity, Value, Emotions, Conflict). Rejecting the symbolic perspective and clinical approach the method considers drawings as communicative tools, which can be used to reveal the children’s understanding of social world, social phenomena and social emotions. PAIR can be reliably applied to detect how children understand interpersonal phenomena in general (e.g. friendship, competition, cooperation), social status (e.g. poor-rich), how they discriminate among different categories of relationships (e.g. siblinghood-friendship, winner-loser) and how they represent relationships under special circumstances (siblings in harmony- in conflict). The method can help to interpret social relationships and interaction-generated emotions pictured by children in a mutual framework. The research instrument has an objective, elaborated analytic system to examine the dyadic interpersonal relationships (two entire figures). Moreover contrary to the projective tests PAIR can be reliably used to investigate children’s social knowledge in the field of developmental social psychology. The aim of the present paper is to introduce this analytic system as a useful research method of drawings in scientific research.
PL
W pierwszej części podjęto próbę wprowadzenia do tematu wagi wyrażania własnych emocji, obaw i potrzeb przez dzieci i młodzież w sposób pośredni – za pomocą rysunków i prac pisemnych. Ponadto określono sylwetkę dobrego pedagoga, z naciskiem na cechy pożądane we współczesnym systemie edukacji. Druga część opracowania odnosi się do badań własnych o charakterze jakościowym, które wskazują na sposób postrzegania owych relacji z nauczycielem przez dwie zróżnicowane wiekowo grupy uczniów szkoły podstawowej. Próba psychologicznej analizy prac dzieci dała możliwość określenia ich skrywanych potrzeb odnoszących się do oczekiwanych przez nie cech idealnego nauczyciela. W celu ukazania wyników badań dokonano kolejno próby analizy psychologicznej prac plastycznych uczniów klasy drugiej, a następnie wypracowań uczniów klasy szóstej. Badania pokazały, iż uczniowie szkoły podstawowej oczekują od nauczycieli empatycznego podejścia, dostosowania metod pracy do ich potrzeb i rozwoju technologicznego. Konieczne jest zatem zaangażowanie nauczycieli w wykonywanie zawodu, podjęcie przez nich gotowości do ciągłych zmian oraz samodoskonalenie.
EN
In this article one can distinguish two parts. In the first one, an attempt is made to introduce the emotions, concerns and needs of children and young people, indirectly, through the use of drawings and written works. This part also shows the essence of the relationship between the student and the teacher and the importance of its influence on the multi-faceted development of children and youths. In addition, the profile of a good educator was emphasised, with the desirable characteristics in the contemporary education underscored. The second part of the article deals with qualitative own research that shows how these relationships with the teacher are perceived by two different age groups of primary school students. An attempt at psychological analysis of children’s work provides an opportunity to define their hidden needs in relation to the expectations of an ideal teacher. In order to illustrate the research results, the students attempted a psychological analysis of the art work of the second grade students and later the work of the fourth grade ones. The research has shown that elementary school students expect empathic teachers to adapt their work methods to their needs and technological development. It is therefore necessary to involve teachers in the profession, to be ready for continuous change and self-improvement.
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