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EN
The main purpose of the article is to analyse the model of an ideal Pole and patriot created in the poetry addressed to children written by Michalina Chelmońska-Szczepankowska, a forgotten poet of the Young Poland period. Her works are a perfect example of patriotic education typical to the second half of nineteenth century. The poet consciously chooses Polish saints, perfect rulers, scientists and men of letters, who in her opinion were the best examples of patriotism. Her goal is to awake national pride in young people. This model of patriotic education has also been continued in modern times. Author of the text considers its topicality in contemporary realities and contemplates which values popularised by Chełmońska-Szczepankowska may become the cure for the modern Polish complex of inferiority.
Filoteknos
|
2019
|
issue 9
98–119
EN
Poetry is heavily invested with playfulness. Drawing on the most recent critical discourse on children’s poetry, the present study aims to showcase that the significant form of play can be manifested in many ways in children’s poetry and also be traced in poetic language as playful humor and intense verbalplay. For this purpose, a cluster of poems are addressed, poems been found in poetic anthologies for children (“Overheard on a Saltmarsh”), in the street (“Bam Chi Chi La La: London, 1969”) in the playground (“I scream...”) and in single-poet collections (“Jamie Dodgers aren’t the only fruit”, “Skig the Warrior”). All poems reveal some of the essential qualities of children’s poetry and most importantly its overall playful character materialized both in linguistic and conceptual terms. The children’s poem “Come on into my tropical garden” written by the British- C aribbean poet Grace Nichols is closely analyzed as a manifestation of poetry’s playful spirit. The exuberance of its rhetoric and sound, its rhythmical feeling and the rich texture of its verses are conveyed through a well-embodied structure and form. What is more, the poem is thoroughly permeated by play as a core element both in thematics and figurative language. The poet uses and reappropriates the “garden” as a powerful metaphor for children’s poetry, placing the child at the very center of a symbolic natural landscape to celebrate nature’s delights and to exercise her insatiable appetite for play.
EN
Among numerous books of poetry for children written by Danuta Wawiłow – famous XXth  century Polish poet and writer – one book is special: Poems for Naughty Children  [Wiersze dla niegrzecznych dzieci] published in 1987. The book is unique not only because of the poetical qualities it represents – rhythmicity, melodiousness, catchiness, melancholy and lyricism equally with pure nonsense, absurdity, grotesque, (black) humour and numerous equivoques and puns, which are characteristic for Wawiłow’s poetical works; above all else Poems for Naughty Children  is a collection of translations of the traditional English nursery rhymes, made by Danuta Wawiłow, who claimed more than once that she was a translator long before she had become a writer. The article aims to explore Wawiłow’s translation work which (up to now) remains almost unknown and un-described in Polish theoretical discourse. Moreover, the author presents the outcome of her research conducted to find “missing originals” of translated nursery rhymes, offers the classification of them and undertakes critical reflection over translation strategy adopted by Danuta Wawiłow.
EN
In the following article the author’s aim is to analyze how originals and translations influence the reader’s imagination. In fact, an average reader’s imaginative potential cannot be verified by any means available to a linguist. However, imagination is affected by images created by linguistic units embedded in a text. The article brings an attempt at identifying those elements of the original and translation that have the potential to activate colours and tints in a child’s imagination. Then, the author gauges whether the impressions made by the texts in this respect are comparable or different. The research material is a poem by Kornei Chukovsky, “Tarakanishche” (“Cock-the-Roach”), and its Polish translation, “Karaluszysko”. The analysis carried out leads to the conclusion that the target text contains elements that can affect the young reader’s imagination more strongly. This is the result of using exclamatory sentences, emotionally loaded vocabulary, sensory words and more detailed imagery. The greater complexity of the images in the translation creates more vivid mental pictures and potentially leads to a slightly different reception.
PL
Zaprezentowany artykuł został poświęcony badaniu jednostek językowych, które potencjalnie mogą wpłynąć na wyobraźnię dziecka jako odbiorcy tekstu literackiego. Materiałem analizy jest wiersz K. Czukowskiego Тараканище oraz jego przekład na język polski – Karaluszysko. Badanie bogactwa i siły wyobraźni dziecka, która nie zna granic, jest niemożliwe przy wykorzystaniu narzędzi językoznawczych. Jednak analiza zawartości leksykalnej tekstu literackiego pozwala na wyekscerpowanie takich jednostek, które w sposób bezpośredni mogą oddziaływać na emocje dziecka. Porównanie badanych tekstów pozwoliło na wniosek, że tekst przekładu może znacznie silniej wpłynąć na wyobraźnię niedorosłego odbiorcy. Potencjał taki mają m.in. zdania wykrzyknikowe, leksyka nacechowana emocjonalnie oraz leksyka o charakterze sensorycznym. Pod ich wpływem „kolory” dziecięcej wyobraźni stają się bardziej wyraziste.
HR
U radu se donosi povijesni pregled izdanja pjesama Krunoslava Kutena (1855. – 1894.) i literature o njegovu stvaralaštvu te prikaz kritičke recepcije njegove dječje poezije od sedamdesetih godina dvadesetoga stoljeća. Kuten je jedna je od najzanimljivijih pjesničkih osobnosti hrvatske dječje književnosti 19. stoljeća. Dječje pjesme je objavljivao u časopisu Smilje u razdoblju od 1875. do 1892. godine. Suvremena kritička recepcija njegove dječje poezije započela je opsežnom studijom Milana Crnkovića, a o Kutenu je do danas pisalo više istraživača dječje književnosti. Pregledom brojeva časopisa Smilje u navedenome razdoblju te usporedbom s prvim i jedinim zbirkama Kutenove poezije priređivača Milana Crnkovića iz 1988. i Ive Zalara iz 1991., utvrđuju se izmjene koje su nastale pri ponovnom objavljivanju pojedinih pjesama. Također se otkriva da jedanaest pjesama nije uvršteno u kasnija izdanja te se razmatraju mogući razlozi njihova izostavljanja iz zbirki Kutenovih pjesama i antologija hrvatske dječje poezije, koji upućuju na autocenzuru priređivača.
EN
This paper presents a historical overview of the publications and critical reception of the children’s poetry of Krunoslav Kuten (1855 – 1894) from the 1970s on. Kuten was one of the most remarkable representatives of Croatian 19th century children’s literature. He published his children’s poems exclusively in the children’s magazine Smilje [Immortelle] in the period 1875 – 1892. Recent critical reception of his children’s poetry was initiated by an extensive study by Milan Crnković, followed by the writings of several other scholars. The examination of the issues of Smilje and the first and only collections of Kuten’s poetry edited in 1988 by Milan Crnković and in 1991 by Ivo Zalar reveals several changes in the texts of individual poems in their re-publication. In addition, eleven poems were omitted from these collections, and thus remained unknown to contemporary readers. Reasons are considered for these omissions and for the lexical changes in some of the included poems. The findings indicate self-censorship in the selection and publication of Kuten’s verses.
DE
Im Beitrag wird ein historischer Überblick über die Veröffentlichungen der Kindergedichte von Krunoslav Kuten (1855–1894) dargeboten, ergänzt durch Angaben zur Sekundärliteratur und zur kritischen Rezeption von Kutens Kinderpoesie seit den 1970er Jahren. Kuten ist eine der interessantesten Dichtergestalten in der Kinderliteratur des 19. Jahrhunderts. Kindergedichte veröffentlichte er in der Zeitschrift Smilje von 1875 bis 1892. Am Anfang der zeitgenössischen kritischen Rezeption seiner Kinderpoesie steht die umfangreiche Studie von Milan Crnković, woraufhin sich mehrere Kinder- und Jugendliteraturforscher mit Kutens Schaffen auseinander setzten. Im Beitrag wird aufgrund des Vergleiches der in den einzelnen Ausgaben der Zeitschrift Smilje veröffentlichten Gedichte mit jenen aus den ersten und einzigen Sammlungen von Kutens Poesie, die 1988 Milan Crnković und 1991 Ivo Zalar herausgegeben haben, festgestellt, dass sich einzelne Gedichte im Wiederdruck von den ursprünglichen unterscheiden. Außerdem werden im Beitrag Gründe dafür erörtert, warum elf Gedichte weder in späteren Veröffentlichungen von Kutens Gedichten noch in Anthologien kroatischer Kinderpoesie aufgenommen wurden. Diesbezüglich wird angenommen, dass es sich um die Selbstzensur der Herausgeber handelt.
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