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EN
Cinematherapy is a relatively new tool of the psychological change, having the potential to gain therapeutic, educational and developmental goals during individual or group meetings. This technique might be offered to persons on different stages of life, including the elderly. In the first part of the paper several definitions of cinematherapy, its purposes and explanatory mechanisms are presented and analyzed. The rules of the film selection and the methods of work based on films, with particular reference to the needs and typical problems of seniors are explained. The second part of the article provides some examples of films that might be effectively used in psychotherapy or sociotherapy of the elderly dealing with different issues. A ready-to-use scenario of group therapy session based on the one of recommended films is also proposed.
PL
Tekst poświęcony jest ukazaniu kontekstu użycia narzędzi obrazowych w filmoterapii oraz w fototerapii. Jednocześnie podjęto próbę ulokowania tych form wspomagających terapię na szerszej mapie czynników leczących w psychoterapii. W dalszej części dokonano porównania filmoterapii oraz fototerapii. Wyszczególniono podobieństwa fotografii oraz dzieła filmowego, jak też odmienności w psychologicznym oddziaływaniu tych narzędzi. Dokonano również analizy krytycznej zastosowań filmoterapii w szerszym jej znaczeniu – m.in. przepisywania filmu na receptę, autoterapii, uruchamiania doświadczeń katarktycznych. Pokazano limitacje możliwości użycia filmu w terapii, jak też zależność jego potencjału od innych znaczących elementów procesu psychoterapeutycznego, takich jak kontrakt, relacja terapeutyczna, motywacja i przymierze terapeutyczne. Podjęto też kwestie ryzyka podtrzymywania iluzji, iż film, jako wyizolowane doświadczenie, stosowany jako forma samoleczenia jest równoważny psychoterapii odbywającej się według reguł sztuki w gabinecie.
EN
The purpose of the article is to show therapeutic context of use such imaging tools as cinematherapy and phototherapy. Simultaneously, some efforts were made to locate these forms of therapeutic support on a wider map of therapeutic factors in psychotherapy. There was also made a comparison of cinematherapy and phototherapy. The similarities in perceiving photography and movies were described as well as the differences in the psychological impact of these tools were specified. There was also led critical analysis of cinematherapy in its broader sense – eg.: “prescribed” movies, self-therapy, experiencing catharsis state. There were showed limits in movies` usage in therapy as well as its potential links to other significant psychotherapeutic process factors such as contract, therapeutic alliance, motivation and therapeutic relation. Finally, there has also been raised issue of proliferation harmful illusion that watching movies, as an isolated experience, used as a form of self-healing is equivalent to the art of professional psychotherapy led by qualified person.
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