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Wolny wilkierz manów weichbildu i miasta Zielonej Góry z 1418 roku

100%

Ptak M. J.

Prawo

2014

issue 316/2

93 - 105

The weichbild of Zielona Góra and the city of Zielona Góra appeared relatively late in written sources — at the turn of the fourteenth century. We find out about the city’s law only from the document of prince of Żagań (1323), which granted the municipal law of Krosno. Its contents, with some exceptions for regulations on economic and trade matters, is unknown. Little is known about the rights of landowners and residents of the villages belonging to the weichbild, except that the primary, customary Polish law was gradually replaced by German law, partly written (Sachsenspiegel) but also to a large extent, customary. For this reason, the so-called free city statute (wilkierz) (Freye Willkühr) written down by landowners and by the city of Zielona Góra, confirmed by the Dukes of Głogów in 1418, deserves special attention. The city statute regulated, in a succinct form, the basic principles of matrimonial and inheritance law, forming a system known as the marital community of property (Güter = Gemeinschaft, communio bonorum). Initially, it concerned not only townspeople and peasants but also landowners. It is noteworthy that for very long, because until the nineteenth century, this city statute (wilkierz) was in force in the towns and villages of the district (Kreis) Zielona Góra, as a so-called local law (Premise = Recht).

Aspects of Economic and Social Life in The Statute of the Commune of Cortona (1325)

72%

Franceschi F.

Acta Poloniae Historica

2019

vol. 119

An ancient Etruscan settlement located in the Valdichiana, along the border between Tuscany and Umbria, Cortona has attracted renewed interest over the last two decades among historians of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Falling into this line of research is the publication of the communal statute from 1325, when the government handed the reins of power to the seigneurial regime revolving around Ranieri Casali. In the same year, Cortona became an episcopal seat and thus also gained the status of a city proper. Through a careful analysis of this extraordinarily rich source, the article outlines the salient aspects of the city’s economy and society, with a focus on its environmental resources and urban activities, the distribution of wealth and its poor relief, the condition of women, and the topography of social relations. The picture that emerges from this analysis is that of a lively and dynamic city, arguably at the peak of its development, at a time when many urban centres in Italy and across Europe were already experiencing a downturn after the economic expansion of the Middle Ages.

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1 Acta Poloniae Historica

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1 Franceschi F.

1 Ptak M. J.

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Wolny wilkierz manów weichbildu i miasta Zielonej Góry z 1418 roku

Aspects of Economic and Social Life in The Statute of the Commune of Cortona (1325)