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"A Game of Thrones" – a New Classic?

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EN
The following paper depicts George R. R. Martin’s "A Game of Thrones" as a novel worthy of receiving the title of a classic. Classics are presented as a section of literature to which permission is granted based on particular criteria which is full of prejudice, especially towards specific genres. Fantasy is shown as a genre having particular difficulties entering the ‘restricted’ section of literature reserved for classics. A Fantasy novel "A Game of Thrones" is analyzed in terms of characters and symbols discerned as the paramount elements of a classic. Presented characters and symbols demonstrate that "A Game of Thrones" possesses the elements characteristic of all classics and despite the fact that it belongs to genre of Fantasy it is feasible it will become a classic.
EN
The question of Gregory’s of Tours awareness of the persuasive potential of his learning he demonstrates in his works is discussed. The Touronian bishop’s high evaluation of the erudition of other men is clearly shown and juxtaposed with his opinion concerning his linguistic competence. Gregory’s ability to embellish his style, being a sign of the literary training is demonstrated. His degree of acquaintance with the classical literature is assessed and his familiarity with Latin poetry is underlined. The literal meaning of his statements concerning classical literature as detrimental to a Christian soul is contrasted with the subtle and indirect play those statements engage his readers in; their implicit meaning is shown to contradict their direct significance. Various examples of Gregory’s efforts to display his erudition in the field of literature and his high degree of learning, including a fair number of erudite digressions are brought forth. Gregory’s unambiguous statement concerning the intention with which he inserted them into his text is evoked. Finally, the Touronian Bishop’s positive judgment about his audience’s capacity of properly evaluating the erudite content of his writing is demonstrated and corroborated with the external evidence provided by contemporary sources.
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Лiя Кiсялëва -Мiнск
PL
Korzystając z przykładuWincentego Dunin-Marcinkiewicza w artykule przedstawiono kilka uniwersalnych mechanizmów kanonizacji twórcy, jak również strategie konstrukcji literackiego kanonu narodowego. Autor pokazuje, jak w pierwszym dziesięcioleciu XX w. stopniowo umacniała się pozycja W. Dunin-Marcinkiewicza w białoruskim kanonie i jak w związku z tym zmieniała się ogólna ocena jego osoby i twórczości.
EN
Analyzing the example of Dunin-Martsinkevich the article considers some general mechanisms of the writer’s canonization as well as the strategies of the construction of national literary canon. The author demonstrates how during the first decade of the 20th century the position of V. Dunin-Martsinkevich was gradually strengthened in Belarusian canon and how general estimation of his personality and his creative work changed.
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PL
Zgodność zachowań z normami obowiązującego prawa jest oczywistą ogólną i powszechną zasadą wszystkich profesji prawniczych. W praktyce prawniczej jednak niekiedy zachowania zawodowe niektórych prawników odbiegają od tej normy. Zwykle tego rodzaju zachowania są bardzo zróżnicowane, ale mieszczą się w granicach między z jednej strony skrajnościami dramatyzmu i z drugiej strony skrajnościami komizmu. W niniejszym tekście znajdują się zwięzłe opisy i oceny treści publikacji dotyczących rzeczywistych komicznych zachowań prawników w polskim systemie wymiaru sprawiedliwości czasów międzywojnia, realnego socjalizmu i obecnych. Były to zdarzenia autentyczne, zebrane i osobiście zaobserwowane przez wieloletniego katowickiego prokuratora Zygmunta Ogórka, cieszącego się dużymi sukcesami zawodowymi i szerokim uznaniem społecznym. Zostały ujęte w bardzo atrakcyjnej dla czytelników formie klasycznych anegdot opublikowanych w trzech nagradzanych ich książkowych zbiorach. Zasługują na wnikliwe poznawanie nie tylko przez prawników, ponieważ w inteligentny sposób zarówno obnażają potknięcia zawodowe prawników, jak i sugerują, jak tego unikać.
EN
Compliance with applicable laws in an obvious general and universal principle of the all legal professions. But sometimes the behavior of some professional lawyers differs from the rules. This kind of behavior is very varied, but within the limits between on the one hand drama and comic on the other extremes. This text includes concise descriptions and assessment of the content of publications concerning the real behavior of lawyers in the Polish justice system interwar, socialism and present times. There are authentic events heard and personally observed by the Katowice prosecutor Zygmunt Ogórek enjoying a successful professional and widely socially recognized. Publications haeve a very attractive form for readers of classic comic stories in three books collections. Are worthy of notice to insightful learning not only by lawyers as a mart way to both expose the stumbling professional lawyers and they suggest how to avoid it.
XX
The awakening of Miss Prim is a novel that tells the story of Prudencia Prim in the small town of San Ireneo de Arnois. In the novel, Prudencia is surprised by the way of life of the irenites, who seem to despise the modern world. The novel serves as a framework for ideas that go far beyond the plot. It is a reflection on the value of truth, good and beauty and how they crystallized in Western civilization. This paper aims to shed some of the main ideas that give substance to the novel and gauge its value. In particular, the relationship between the present and the past, between tradition and progress and the option of accommodation or rebellion against current mainstream dynamics, will be valued. Finally, this paper will try to show how the whole novel revolves around the notion that there is a truth and that it is beautiful and what role that truth has in human life.
EN
The article analyses the novel Alles verandert (Everything changes, 2015) by Flemish author Kristien Hemmerechts in the context of “feminist rewriting”. At the same time “feminist rewriting” is being introduced as a functional literary strategy that enables the writer to challenge and adapt the existing literary canon. Summing up the existing scholarship on feminist/women’s rewriting, the article makes a plea to include “feminist rewriting” in the (not only) Dutch literary-analytical toolbox in order to get a better understanding of such practices and their intentions.
RU
В статье на материале стихотворного романа М. И. Воскресенского “Евгений Вельский” (1828–1832) прослеживается типология движения литературы «второго ряда» к освоению классической словесности – средствами пародии и подражания, с одной стороны, и лирической переработки материала – с другой. Развивается мысль о закономерности неоднозначной рецепции “Евгения Онегина” А. С. Пушкина в его «двойнике» – “Евгении Вельском” М. И. Воскресенского. Показано, что таким образом получает развитие концепция проф. Э. Малэк о «контрапунктном» движении литературы XVII–XVIII вв. «от пользы к забаве и утехе». «Разделение» писательских предпочтений на области «серьезной» и «развлекательной» словесности оказывается «затруднительным» в рамках процесса развития классики и беллетристики в их постоянном взаимодействии.
EN
On the material of the novel in verse “Eugene Velsky” (1828 – 1832) by Mikhail Voskresensky the author of the paper traces the dynamics of how ‘second-rate’ literature assimilates the achievements of the classics – by means of parody and imitation on the one hand, and by lyrical processing of the material – on the other. The author puts forward the idea that the ambiguous reception of Pushkin’s “Eugene Onegin” in its ‘double’ “Eugene Velsky”, is a regular phenomenon. In his transposition of “Onegin” Voskresensky applied techniques of writing typical of the ‘easy reading’ literature, but he could not reconcile them with the universal humanist reflection which he also included. Aware of the imperfection of his poetic experiments, Voskresensky sought to support his endeavours with the authority of the great poet himself, by referring to the human right to leave behind an ‘inconspicuous trail’, mentioned in “Onegin”. Thus, the case in hand corroborates Eliza Małek’s thesis about the ‘counterpoint’ character of the development of literature, ‘from the beneficial to the amusement and fun.’ The differentiation in writers’ preferences between the fields of ‘serious’ and ‘entertaining’ literature proves ‘difficult’ within the framework of the dual process of the development of the classics and low-brow fiction in their constant interaction.
EN
An overview — even cursory — of literary culture in Lithuania in the first decades of the nineteenth century indicates there were many people who pursued poetry writing. According to Piotr Chmielowski, such a phenomenon did not exist then to this extent and with such intensity in any other part of Poland’s territory. As proof, in one of his works, he lists more than seventy names of poets who in the years 1815– –1822 had their poetry printed on the pages of journals published at the time. This number, certainly, does not fully reflect the scale of the said phenomenon. It should be noted that young people strove for a place on local poetry Parnassus, for example, also through parlor readings or through entries in memory books. Those young poets were often satisfied with minor, fleeting poems, handed from one person to another, without hope of the fruits of their poetic labor appearing on the pages of periodical press. Unfortunately, few of these poets possessed “talent above the mediocrity”, hence few manged to impress their audience. The paper aims to present selected views of contemporary audience concerning the poetry as its members also made an attempt at evaluation of the poems and aesthetic valorisation of the authors’ talent.
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