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КЛАСИФІКАЦІЇ ОСВІТНІХ ЗМІН У ПЕДАГОГІЧНИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯХ США

100%

Шихненко К.

Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології

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2014

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issue 10(44)

228-240

EN

The purpose of this article is to determine the main characteristics and summarize existing classifications of educational changes in the American studies on educational issues. The choice of the pedagogy of the USA as an object of research accounts for rich experience of the country in the field of school educational changes analysis as the American scientists are acknowledged developers of the educational change theory which is the theoretical basis for modern school reform processes. It is emphasized in the article that the importance of school development but not simply its operating makes all the changes innovative in nature, otherwise we can talk about reproduction and sharing traditional technologies or techniques. Identification and generalization of a number of specific features of educational changes allow evaluating the effectiveness of the innovative process, determining its direction and perspectives. According to the theory of change, formulated in American researches of the end of the XX century, school organization in conditions of continuous transformations must develop, not adapt its own environment, when responding to unpredictable changes. Methods selection of managing changes in schools and their conformity with innovative process also depends on the type of a particular change. Finally, knowledge of basic features and particulars of any changes in schooling gives an opportunity to distinguish truly innovative initiatives from failed experiments. By applying scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, abstraction, generalization and comparison the criteria of educational changes that are the basis of the classifications are defined. This article argues that educational changes are multidimensional in nature, which results in different approaches to their typology. The characteristic of each type of educational change is introduced. The generalized classification of educational changes is presented in the chart. It is emphasized that knowledge of classified features stimulates both foreign and Ukrainian teachers to build effective models for the process of change, develops new technologies for change management in school organizations as well as finds effective methods and tools for reform implementation. Further research may be focused on improving the classifications of educational changes and making recommendations to Ukrainian educators for developing effective methods and tools of reforming national education.

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Някои формообразувателни типове при глаголи от първо спрежение в българския книжовен език

75%

Александрова [Aleksandrova] Т. T., Станчева [Stancheva] Р. R.

Slavia Meridionalis

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2018

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vol. 18

EN

Inflectional types within first conjugation in standard Bulgarian The article presents the modulation models in some first conjugation verbs in the Bulgarian language based on a certain set of classification characteristics and diagnostic forms. The inflection types within one of the nine classes in which the Bulgarian verbal vocabulary are distinguished according to a procedure which comprises three levels of categorization: 1) by a morphological criterion; 2) by types of morphological (regressive) changes encoded in word-forming or grammatical forms, and 3) by a normative criterion (presence of doublets). Also considered is the combinatorics of the grammatical morphs in the set of verb forms. The presentation of formal types is done in terms of normative grammar, taking into account the dynamism of the norm. The model aims to cover the entire verbal vocabulary by uniting different lexical-grammatical classifications of the Bulgarian verbs. Typy fleksyjne w ramach pierwszej koniugacji w literackim języku bułgarskim W artykule przedstawiono propozycję zmodyfikowania klasyfikacji niektórych czasowników pierwszej koniugacji w języku bułgarskim w oparciu o pewien zestaw cech klasyfikacyjnych i form diagnostycznych. Procedura, według której bułgarskie czasowniki jednej z dziewięciu klas formalnych podzielone zostają na typy fleksyjne, składa się z trzech poziomów kategoryzacji: 1) według kryterium morfologicznego, 2) według rodzajów zmian morfologicznych (regresywnych) zakodowanych w formach słowotwórczych lub gramatycznych, 3) według kryterium normatywnego (obecność dubletów). Uwzględniana jest również kombinatoryka morfów w zbiorze form czasownika. Prezentacja cech formalnych odbywa się w gramatyce normatywnej przy uwzględnieniu dynamiki normy. Model ma na celu opracowanie wszystkich czasowników bułgarskich poprzez kombinację różnych kryteriów leksykalno-gramatycznych klasyfikacji.

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ON SOME PROPERTIES OF ACRONYMS USED IN KOREAN

51%

Borowiak A.

International Journal of Korean Humanities and Social Sciences

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2016

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vol. 2

123-156

PL

Proces abrewiacji w języku koreańskim dotyczy zarówno jednostek leksykalnych, jak i gramatycznych (por. Borowiak, 2015). Niniejszy artykuł skupia się jednak tylko na jednym rodzaju tych pierwszych, a mianowicie na akronimach. Wspomniane formacje powstają w procesie językowym, który można nazwać akronimizacją i są wygodnym środkiem ekspresji szeroko stosowanym w różnych dziedzinach współczesnej cywilizacji, takich jak nauka i technika, ekonomia, życie publiczne, media, marketing itp. Pomimo swej niezaprzeczalnej popularności, zagadnieniu akronimologii poświęca się w literaturze przedmiotu stosunkowo niewiele uwagi. Wynika to zapewne z faktu, iż koncentruje się ona głównie na słowotwórstwie, opartym na analizie morfemów jako jednostek składowych i w związku z tym bagatelizuje akronimy, traktując je jako nieprzewidywalne „innowacje, nieoparte na regułach” (por. Bauer, 2001). Jednakże, jak wskazuje Szadyko (1997: 127), wiek XX należy do akronimów, dlatego też temat ten zasługuje na zdecydowanie większą uwagę. Celem niniejszej pracy jest wskazanie, przeanalizowanie oraz sklasyfikowanie akronimów używanych w języku koreańskim. Abrewiacje tego właśnie typu, choć rzadko i raczej pobieżnie omawiane w publikacjach poświęconych koreańskiemu słowotwórstwu, w języku koreańskim bardzo często występują. Biorąc pod uwagę ich liczbę oraz różnorodność, podjęto próbę sklasyfikowania ich na podstawie takich kryteriów, jak: pochodzenie, obszar zastosowania, rozpoznawalność, sposób tworzenia, forma grafemiczna oraz rodzaj elementów składowych.

KO

한국어에서의 축약 과정은 각각 어휘적인 단위와 문법적인 단위에 의해서 이루어진다 (Borowiak 2015 참조). 그러나 본 연구는 전자의 방법 중 하나인 두문자어(acronym)에만 초점을 맞춘다. 논의하고자 하는 어휘적인 단위의 축약은 두문자화(頭文字化, acronymization)라고 명명 할 수 있는 언어 과정에 의해 형성되며, 현대 사회의 여러 분야, 즉 과학과 기술, 경제와 공적 생활, 대중매체, 마케팅 등의 분야에서 불가결하고 편리한 표현 수단으로 사용된다. 이러한 두문자어의 부정할 수 없는 대중성에도 불구하고 두문자론(頭文字論, acronymology)의 주제는 대체로 형태소에 중심을 두는 조어법에 있어서 상대적으로 적은 관심을 받고 있다. 또한 두문자어를 예측이 불가한 '비규칙적으로 규정된 혁신'(Bauer 2001 참조)으로 여기고 경시한다. 그러나 Szadyko (1997:127)가 지적한 바와 같이 '20세기는 두문자어의 세기이다.' 따라서 이 분야의 연구에 더욱 주목할 만한 가치가 있음을 밝힌다. 본 연구의 목적은 한국어에서 사용되는 두문자어를 찾아내고,분석·분류하는데에 있다. 본고에서는 매우 드물고 간략하게만 다루어지는 이 독특한 형태의 축약형이 실제로는 한국어에 수적으로 대단히 많이 존재함을 제시하고자 한다. 그리하여 두문자어의 수와 다양성을 염두에 두고 어원, 사용 분야, 어휘적인 의미와 친숙함, 형성 방법,서기소(書記素)의 형태 및 구성요소의 특성에 따른 분류를 시도할 것이다.

EN

Abbreviation process in Korean applies to both lexical and grammatical units (cf. Borowiak 2015). This article however focuses only on one type of the former, namely acronyms. The formations in question are created in the lingual process, which could be called acronymization and are a convenient means of expression widely used in various fields of contemporary civilization such as science and technology, economy and public life, media, marketing etc. Despite their undeniable popularity the subject of acronymology is given relatively little attention in relevant literature, which concentrates mainly on morpheme-based word-formation and thus downplays acronyms as being e.g. unpredictable ‘non-rule governed innovations’ (cf. Bauer 2001). The 20th century however, as Szadyko (1997: 127) points out, belongs to acronyms – that is why the subject definitely deserves more attention. The aim of this article is to identify, analyze and classify acronyms used in Korean. Abbreviations of this particular type, as this paper will attempt to show, although rarely and rather briefly discussed, are in fact extremely numerous in Korean language. Taking into consideration their number and variety the attempt to classify them according to origin, fields of usage, lexical meaning and familiarity, the method of formation, graphemic form and the type of founding constituents is made.

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1 International Journal of Korean Humanities and Social Sciences

1 Slavia Meridionalis

1 Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології

1 Borowiak A.

1 Александрова [Aleksandrova] Т. T.

1 Станчева [Stancheva] Р. R.

1 Шихненко К.

1 2018

1 2016

1 2014

КЛАСИФІКАЦІЇ ОСВІТНІХ ЗМІН У ПЕДАГОГІЧНИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯХ США

Някои формообразувателни типове при глаголи от първо спрежение в българския книжовен език

ON SOME PROPERTIES OF ACRONYMS USED IN KOREAN