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Determinanty rozwoju wsi polskiej na początku XXI wieku

100%

Kapusta F.

Ekonomia XXI Wieku

2014

issue 1(1)

9-28

Countryside, as an area and place of living of the increasing number of people undergoes numerous changes, including: the reduction of the area of countryside, the increase of the number of rural population and the level of infrastructure, the deepening of diversification of activity and of main sources of living of the population. These processes take place under the influence of internal (domestic) and external factors. The European Union supports activation and renewal of rural areas. For the years 2007- -2013 there was developed the program which became a design supporting four priority axes. The first axis is of a commercial nature and its aim is to improve the competitiveness of the agricultural and forestry sector. The second axis is associated with ecological and environmental considerations and focuses on the improvement of environment. The third axis contains social values and directs efforts to improve the quality of life of population in rural areas and at the same time aspirations to diversify the rural economy. The fourth axis applies to local community. The program defines the scope and forms of rural support for the years 2007-2013. It is financed both from the EU and the national public funds. The aim of the study was to: identify change trends within the Polish countryside in terms of territory and population, to state if the membership of Poland to the European Union contributes to the development of rural areas and agriculture as well as if there is deepening of diversification of activities in rural areas and progress in the country evolution from agricultural to multifunctional. The collected material was developed and interpreted using comparative methods (comparisons) in the form of vertical and horizontal, statistical and relative valorization of infrastructure elements. The range of rural areas in Poland is isolated by the register called TERYT and in the years 2003-2011 shows the reduction of rural area and its share in the area of Poland while increasing the number of residents and increasing their share in the total population of the country. With a view to integrate the Polish countryside with the areas of the European Union the series of political and economic decisions were taken both at EU and national level. Poland, including rural areas, began to benefit from the EU funds (such as SAPARD, PHARE and ISPA) before its accession to the EU. After the accession, the scale of these funds multiplied, which served the changes in the countryside economically and socially. The effect of these changes is the increased level of technical and social infrastructure in rural areas, making up for delays in this area and the acceleration of the transition towards the multilateralism. The result is an increase in employment of the rural population in the activities of non-agricultural nature and the assimilation of structure of the rural population in terms of the main sources of income to the national average.

Ocena stopnia gotowości pacjentów do współpłacenia za świadczenia opieki zdrowotnej

67%

Wyszkowska Z.

Nierówności społeczne a wzrost gospodarczy

2020

issue 64

181-193

The purpose of the study was to learn more about readiness to pay for specialist health services and to learn about the acceptable level of co-payments through the opinions of anonymous respondents. A questionnaire was developed to conduct the survey and collect the data. The questionnaire was posted on an internet website and the respondents chose an appropriate answer variant. All questions were closed ones. The database was created in Excel. The analysis included 527 completed questionnaires. The analysis of the data collected identified the amount of acceptable co-payments for specialist medical consultations. According to the respondents, the co-payment amount should be equal for everyone, and privileged social groups should include only disabled and chronically ill people. The willingness to co-pay was declared most often by those with a higher monthly net income per person in a household and with a higher and secondary education. The study has shown that younger people accepted the subsidies more than the elderly. Due to the fact that younger people were the most represented in the data the least numerous declared level of education was basic education while the majority of respondents were urban residents, hence the results illustrated a number of essential and interesting observations. However, they cannot be applied as generalizations, although they inspire further expansion of the scope of the data collected and the conducting of further analyzes.

Celem opracowania było poznanie gotowości pacjentów do dokonywania dopłat do specjalistycznych świadczeń zdrowotnych oraz poznanie akceptowanego poziomu dopłat w opiniach anonimowych respondentów. Dla przeprowadzenia badań i zebrania danych opracowano kwestionariusz ankiety. Kwestionariusz został zamieszczony na portalu internetowym. Ankietowani wybierali właściwy dla nich wariant odpowiedzi. Wszystkie pytania miały charakter pytań zamkniętych. Bazę danych założono w programie Excel. W obliczeniach uwzględniono 527 kompletnie wypełnionych kwestionariuszy. Analiza zgromadzonych danych pokazała, jaka jest kwota akceptowalna dla dokonywania dopłat do specjalistycznych wizyt lekarskich. Według osób wypowiadających się ustalona kwota powinna być równa dla wszystkich, a do grup społecznych uprzywilejowanych powinno się zaliczać tylko osoby niepełnosprawne i przewlekle chore. Najczęściej chęć dopłaty deklarowały osoby z wyższym poziomem miesięcznego dochodu netto na jedną osobę w gospodarstwie domowym oraz z poziomem wykształcenia wyższym i średnim. Badania pokazały, że osoby młodsze częściej akceptowały wprowadzenie dopłat aniżeli osoby starsze. Z uwagi na fakt, że w bazie analizowanych danych w strukturze wieku przewagę stanowiły osoby młodsze, w deklarowanym posiadanym poziomie wykształcenia najmniej liczną grupą były osoby z podstawowym poziomem wykształcenia i większość respondentów była mieszkańcami miast, uzyskane wyniki badań pozwoliły na wysnucie potrzebnych i ciekawych spostrzeżeń, nie upoważniają jednak do uogólnień, inspirują do poszerzenia bazy danych i prowadzenia kolejnych analiz.

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1 Ekonomia XXI Wieku

1 Nierówności społeczne a wzrost gospodarczy

1 Kapusta F.

1 Wyszkowska Z.

1 2020

1 2014

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Determinanty rozwoju wsi polskiej na początku XXI wieku

Ocena stopnia gotowości pacjentów do współpłacenia za świadczenia opieki zdrowotnej