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Poznawczy i narracyjno-dyskursywny wymiar słowa a model definicji (na przykładzie „śmieci” i formacji pokrewnych)

100%
Szczepankowska I.
Stylistyka
|
2017
|
vol. 26
51-67
EN
The subject of the article is the problem of describing the meaning of a word as a symbolic entity that is considered in the context of the requirements of modern lexicography. The analysis of the selected family words in terms of the cognitive, narrative and discursive aspects are intended to release the role of words as “node access” to the conceptual framework in accordance with the cognitive approach to semantics. The author also considers which model of the definition could best reflect the appropriate aspects of the word. The results of the contextual analysis included in the discursive frame enrich the cognitive dimension of the definition of the linguistic category. They reveal the existential experience of people, their perception and evaluation, that is, different domains interact in the conceptualization, which lies not so much in a single word, but in its discursive relationships with others
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Psychological Barriers and Resources of the Future Primary School Teachers’ Professional Success: The Cognitive Aspect

83%
Handzilevska H., Plyska Y., Shershnova O., Shturkhetskyy S., Shyriaieva T.
Journal of Education Culture and Society
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2023
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vol. 14
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issue 1
288-298
EN
Aim. The article represents the results of research into the success of the students who are preparing themselves for teaching activity in the nearest future while obtaining their professional education. The aim of this research is to examine the notion of professional success, with the focus on the cognitive component of this process through the prism of purpose in life. Methods. In accordance with a developed theoretical model of the professional success achieved by a person, empirical research was carried out on a sample of the future primary school teachers with the focus on the cognitive component. To realise the purpose and objectives of the paper, a set of tests (the Test of the Life-Sense Orientations; the Purpose-in-Life Test (PIL); and a questionnaire of early childhood decisions, etc. were used as diagnostic tools to find out the correlation between components of professional success. Statistical correlation was analysed with the use of Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results. The results of the correlation analysis between the indicators of personal readiness for change and the scenarios show a reversed two-way correlation between the indicators of the Confidence scale and the attributes “Don’t be, don’t be alive”, “Don’t be yourself”, “Be excellent”; between the metrics of the “Passion” scale and the “Don’t grow up”, “Don’t be yourself”. Conclusion. It was found that meaningful orientations of the future primary school teachers and scenario settings like “Do Not Get Close, Don’t Love, Don’t Feel, Be Perfect, Try, function as psychological barriers to achieving professional success.
3

Cognitive-Pragmatic Aspects of Translation and Interpretation within Discourses

83%
Cholodová U.
International Journal on Language, Literature and Culture in Education
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2016
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vol. 3
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issue 1
100-117
EN
The aim of this investigation is a comparative description of translation and interpretation in terms of modern communication technology, translation, and discourse studies. Each type of translation work, either oral or written, has its own specific requirements for the translator and the final result of his work - translation. A description of both types of translation cannot suffice without taking into account pragmatics, psycholinguistics, and the pragmatic scope of each text. A more important final result is the right linguistic expression in compliance with the grammatical, semantic, and stylistic rules of the target language. Special attention should be paid to extralinguistic factors - certain communicative situations that create special conditions for interpreting, including the place, time, recipients, and environment (interfering noise). The article describes different types of interpreting and draws the reader’s attention to the controversial question of the interpreter’s natural ability and the possibility of achieving excellence in interpreting through the intensive practising of skills simultaneously with a profound knowledge of certain languages and the translator or interpreter’s general educational development. Translation usually gives the translator more time for focusing and considering the choice of the necessary lexico-grammatical and stylistic elements for a certain text. Interpretation requires an immediate reaction from the interpreter, who is in a constant state of stress and works under pressure. The translator of a written text is not only the person who renders the original text, but he is also the creator of a new written version of the text that can be read and, discussed, with its own mistakes in it. Interpreting is much more neutral and invisible to the addressee; the main thing here is the pragmatic transfer of the original information. For the research the first-hand experience of teaching students in a class of translating and interpreting, with the presentation of examples in Czech and Ukrainian, is used. The author comes to the conclusion that common features of interpretation and translation include the need for high language competence and the translator’s general erudition (excellent language skills, knowledge of features of the cultural background, a functional approach to linguistic means, and a developed aesthetic and cultural perception). But, considering that the requirements for performers of translation and interpretation are different, even in the scientific literature the assertion whether the professional specialist exists at all and can be a true professional in both translating and interpreting remains debatable.
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