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New technologies as prosthesis of cognitive system

100%
Sarosiek A.
Semina Scientiarum
|
2016
|
vol. 15
EN
The aim of the paper is to show the way in which human cognitive system uses external prostheses. Currently developed technologies provide human beings with tools that change their way of functioning in the environment, their understanding and the perspective from which they perceive the world. Modifying systems of thoughts, reasoning and modes of operation non­‑biological prostheses extend human cognitive system. A human being uses non­‑biological interfaces for processing information from the external world.
2

Extended Cognitive System and Epistemic Subject

85%
Trybulec B.
Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric
|
2015
|
vol. 40
|
issue 1
111-128
EN
The concept of an extended cognitive system is central to contemporary studies of cognition. In the paper I analyze the place of the epistemic subject within the extended cognitive system. Is it extended as well? In answering this question I focus on the differences between the first and the second wave of arguments for the extended mind thesis. I argue that the position of Cognitive Integration represented by Richard Menary is much more intuitive and fruitful in analyses of cognition and knowledge than the early argument formulated by Andy Clark and David Chalmers. Cognitive Integration is compatible with virtue epistemology of John Greco’s agent reliabilism. The epistemic subject is constituted by its cognitive character composed of an integrated set of cognitive abilities and processes. Some of these processes are extended, they are a manipulation of external informational structures and, as such, they constitute epistemic practices. Epistemic practices are normative; to conduct them correctly the epistemic subject needs to obey epistemic norms embedded in the cultural context. The epistemic subject is not extended because of the casual coupling with external informational artifacts which extend his mind from inside the head and into the world. Rather, cognitive practices constitute the subject’s mind, they transform his cognitive abilities, and this is what makes the mind and epistemic subject “extended”.
3
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Transfer of Cultural Codes in Intercultural Communication: Information and Semantic Errors

71%
Leontjeva O.
Półrocznik Językoznawczy Tertium
|
2022
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vol. 7
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issue 2
33-57
PL
Jednym z czynników wpływających na jakość komunikacji międzykulturowej jest poprawna transmisja informacji i składnika semantycznego kodów realizujących model kultury. Wchodząc w kontakt z kodami obcej kultury poprzez język, komunikator mimowolnie popełnia błędy, gdy kody one przekształcane w system kodów własnej kultury. W efekcie dochodzi do niezrozumienia, a często niezrozumienia znaczeń kulturowych, co prowadzi do pewnego konfliktu – ukrytego lub jawnego – w komunikacji międzykulturowej. Wyróżniamy kilka takich błędów, które występują podczas transferu informacji i jej przekształcania - są to błąd percepcji kodu, błąd dekodowania, błąd niedopasowania, błąd połączenia wynikający z błędu przejściowego, błąd replikacji oraz błąd transpozycji z naruszeniem integralności semantycznej. Wszystkie te błędy powstają w indywidualnym systemie poznawczym na skutek niedostatecznej wiedzy i zrozumienia obcej kultury oraz na skutek rozbieżności między systemem kodów jednej kultury a systemem kodów innej.
EN
One of the factors affecting the quality of intercultural communication is the correct transmission of the information and semantic component of the codes that implement the model of culture. Coming into contact with the codes of a foreign culture through the language, the communicant involuntarily makes mistakes when the codes are transformed into the system of codes of their own culture. As a result of this, there is a misunderstanding, and often a misunderstanding of cultural meanings, which leads to a certain conflict - hidden or explicit - in intercultural communication. We single out several such errors that occur during the transfer of information and its transformation - this is a code perception error, a decoding error, a mismatch error, a linking error resulting from a transient error, a replication error, and a transposition error with a violation of semantic integrity. All these errors occur in the individual cognitive system as a result of insufficient knowledge and understanding of a foreign culture and as a result of a discrepancy between the system of codes of one culture and the system of codes of another culture.
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