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The Possibilities of Employing the Paradigm of Coincidence in Contemporary Political Science Research

100%
Młyńczyk Ł.
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne
|
2011
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vol. 30
50-63
PL
Wyjaśnienie zjawiska politycznego jest nie tyle funkcją wielowariantową, lecz wieloelementowym narzędziem badawczym, które gwarantuje adekwatność (w szerszym kontekście chodzi o szanse wyjaśnienia) kosztem uniwersalności. Proponowany paradygmat koincydencji dostarcza możliwości aplikacji wyjaśnień, które pozornie pozostają ze sobą w sprzeczności merytorycznej oraz metodologicznej. Poprzez pojęcia „metaaktywności” oraz „ quasi-eksperta” zostają wyjaśnione kryteria, które gwarantują powstanie wieloelementowego narzędzia badawczego w naukach politycznych. Podstawą rozważań jest szeroko rozumiana egzemplifikacja sporu pomiędzy metodologią normatywną oraz empiryczną.
EN
Explaining a political phenomenon is not to be viewed as a multi-variant function but rather a comprehensive research tool ensuring adequacy (in a broader context – chances of arriving at an explanation) at the expense of universality. The proposed coincidence paradigm provides possibilities of applying explanations seemingly contradictory from the substantive and methodological perspective. The concepts of “meta-activity” and “quasi-expert” are used for the sake of explaining the criteria ensuring development of a political science research tool composed of multiple elements. At the core of deliberations lies broadly-defined exemplification of the dispute between normative and empirical methodology.
2

Z problematyki prawnokarnej oceny zbiegnięcia sprawcy z miejsca przestępstwa drogowego

100%
Kokot R.
Nowa kodyfikacja prawa karnego
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2019
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vol. 53
13 - 31
EN
On the grounds of criminal-law research, the article tries to conduct a dispute analysis of the issues of a legal evaluation of “the fleeing” of a road traffic participant from the scene of the communication event. The subject of the analysis is not only the concept of “the escape” — its subjective aspect — but also its perception on the grounds of the past and the presently applicable legal solutions. Attention was drawn to the change in function that these circumstances fulfilled and to how, within years, its influence on justice in cases of communication crimes — from the circumstances restricting the dimension of punishment in the phase of judicial substantiation, via creation of the marks of the qualified type of forbidden act, to a general (cumulative) premise of extraordinary restriction of punishment. One of the leading ideas of this work is the case of the ratio legis regulation of the fleeing of the road traffic participant from the scene of the communication event. In light of the accepted legal solutions it is unclear what determines its object of protection, and so the protection of which legal goods this regulation serves.
3
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The Adessive Case in Polish: A Cognitive Perspective On Some Locative Prepositions

100%
Kokorniak I.
Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics
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2009
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vol. 45
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issue 3
369-383
EN
The aim of this paper is to show that what is considered in Polish as one heterogeneous LOCATIVE case in the "formal" approach only on the surface seems rather complex and appears to lack any natural order. Due to the limited size of the paper, focus will be laid only on one locative case, the ADESSIVE, representing the static external locative, expressing different aspects of a relationship outside an entity and describing the "location ‘on top of’ or ‘near’, ‘owner’ or ‘instrument’ by means of which an action is performed" (Karlsson 1999: 115). It has no single linguistic equivalent in Polish; instead it is represented by several prepositions, such as na + LOC ‘on’, przy + LOC ‘by’ and u + GEN ‘at’, etc., reflecting different aspects of proximity and coincidence in space. Taking just the case of the ADESSIVE relation, data observations based on the IPI PAN Corpus of Polish allow us to claim that although each preposition is responsible for a different aspect of the external spatial relation, they complement one another and are related in a family resemblance fashion, expressing an adessive relation.
4

The Category of “Contingency” in Contemporary Anthropological Discourse. Odo Marquard, Richard Rorty, Jürgen Habermas

72%
Czerniak S.
Dialogue and Universalism
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2018
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issue 4
29-51
EN
This comparative paper analyses in detail the contexts in which the “contingency” category was used by the philosophers mentioned in its title. While Odo Marquard and Richard Rorty situated contingency within the antifundamentalist discourse, especially in the sphere of philosophical anthropology, epistemology and ethics, Jürgen Habermas drew his conception of the contingency of human birth from the “human nature”— related discourse against modern-day genetic engineering. Marquard’s and Rorty’s theories differ in their philosophical assumptions (scepticism vs. neopragmatism). Among others, the author shows that none of the mentioned thinkers accepted the radically relativistic consequences of the debate around the “contingency” conception. In his analyses, he also makes frequent use of Marquard’s distinction between “arbitrarily accidental” and “fatefully accidental.”
5
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Miracle, Coincidence, and Supernatural Cause

72%
Corner D.
Studia Philosophiae Christianae
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2013
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vol. 49
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issue 2
5-26
EN
Some, or all, of the events that are usually taken to be miracles might be explained as falling under the scope of statistical laws, and thus be susceptible to natural explanation. Arguably, they would then be reduced to the status of mere coincidences. Is it reasonable (1) to consider such events as being caused by God, (2) to be divine interventions, or even (3) to consider them to be instances of divine agency at all? Finally, (4) would their status as miracles be undermined? In this paper I focus on the first three questions. I argue that it would not be reasonable to consider them as being caused by God; nevertheless, there is nothing standing in the way of our describing them as expressing divine agency or as divine interventions. In regard to (4), I offer considerations in favor of such events being accepted as miracles, but I do not attempt to give a decisive answer to this question here.
6

Kilka uwag o konstrukcji i konsekwencjach ciągu przestępstw w świetle nowelizacji kodeksu karnego z 20 lutego 2015 roku

72%
Kokot R.
Nowa kodyfikacja prawa karnego
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2017
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vol. 43
233-253
EN
The article concerns the problem of the legal structure of the so-called series of crimes. The attention is concentrated on the changes in terms of evidence of this institution introduced by the amendment to the Penal Code of February 20, 2015. The previous statutory formula of Art. 91 § 1 of the Penal Code was recalled, especially the annulled premise of the “similar way” of committing crimes bounded together in series, remembering at the same time the doubts and interpretative arguments which accompanied that interpretation. In the circle of interests remains also the issue of the statutory understanding of the requirement of identity of “the regulation whose criteria each of those crimes fully fulfill”, which forms the basis for the punishment given for the series of crimes. The arguments of the ideas competing in this matter were also recalled as well as the effects that might have been caused while implementing such practice. Taking the above into consideration the modifications within the statutory formula of the series of crimes were discussed. A special attention was drawn to the new premise of “using the same opportunity” and the consequences that are caused by introducing this premise for the scope of using this structure. The article also discusses the issue of the identity of the legal rule, required by the act, the reference to which in the amended legal state became the rule which was the basis for the punishment, and not, as it was commonly previously believed, the rule stating the basis for punishing for each of the crimes remaining in the series. In the margin of the analysis of the new shape of the premises of series there are remarks devoted to the punishment for the multiplicity of crimes embraced with the feature of continuity.
7
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Instytucja ciągu przestępstw po 1 lipca 2015 r.

72%
Górski A.
Studia Iuridica
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2017
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vol. 69
131-148
PL
The institution of series of crimes regulates the situation of coincidence of crimes which are connected in a specific way. This connections are ground for different penalty – one penalty for all crimes. The amendment of criminal law, conducted in 2015, made changes also in the chapter IX of the polish criminal code and modified provision 91. The legislator decided to replace some premises. The premise of a similar way of committing a crime was replaced by the premise of using the same opportunity. The amendment also modified a demand of an identical criminal qualification for all crimes covered by the institution of series of crimes. Since then, the demand of an identity has been applied to a provision which is the basis of penalty size. The aim of this paper is to discuss the changes conducted in 2015 and evaluate the whole institution of series of crimes.
8
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Analysis of the Meaning of the Word ‘Coincidence’ in the Context of the Problem of Moral Luck

72%
Strzyżyński P.
Poznańskie Studia Teologiczne
|
2021
|
issue 38
253-272
PL
Celem artykułu jest wykazanie, które znaczenia słowa ‘przypadek’ można zastosować w kwestii trafu moralnego. W pierwszej części artykułu pokrótce omówiono istotę problemu trafu moralnego, rodzaje tego trafu oraz konsekwencje uznania roli trafu/przypadku dla moralności. Druga część zawiera definicje przypadku. W tej części zaprezentowano również argumenty za tym, które z przedstawionych znaczeń przypadku można wykorzystać w analizie zagadnienia trafu moralnego. W zakończeniu artykułu pojawia się sugestia ograniczenia znaczenia i roli tzw. paradoksu trafu moralnego.
EN
The aim of the article is to show which meanings of the word ‘coincidence’ can be used in the problem of moral luck. The first part of the article briefly discusses the essence of the problem of moral luck, the types of this luck and the consequences of recognizing the role of luck for morality. The second presents definitions of coincidence. This part also presents the arguments which of the presented meanings of coincidence can be used in the analysis of the problem of moral luck. In conclusion, there is a suggestion to limit the meaning and role of the so-called  paradox of moral luck.
9
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Rzeczy ostatnie w Ostatnim rozdaniu Wiesława Myśliwskiego

58%
Węgrzyniak A.
|
2013
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vol. 11
|
issue 2(21)
129-146
EN
Taking into consideration ambiguous title of Wiesław Myśliwski’s novel Ostatnie rozdanie (The last deal), the author traces the poker-like existential plot. Asking questions about who plays? – who with? – what for? – the author analyses various aspects of the text. She notices that narrator’s dialogues with himself, with ‘I’ emerging form memories (always construed), are characterized by constant balancing between different conceptions of subject and fate. In his “treatise on instability” the narrator, commenting past events, diagnoses culture and the condition of a “contingent” human being. In narrator’s games one can hear the writer’s “last word” (a testament) – the narrator entraps the reader in the last “game” with oneself, inviting to meditation on ‘”last” and “ultimate” things. In his parabolic narrative, in which the narrator has some features of Everyman, the most important thing is an attempt to manage / understand one’s own / human fate.
10

Morphological similarity and graphological difference

51%
Kipouràs P.
Nowa kodyfikacja prawa karnego
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2017
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vol. 45
109-121
EN
The Document Examiner’s approach could not be based only on the technical aspect of the analysis, but it must very often be extended in the graphological analysis of the case. The Document Examiner has to also take into consideration the particular historical data in order to orientate the investigation’s hypothesis. In many cases morphological similarity could be tricky and misleading, just because of the simplefact that reflects the main purpose of the forger: the similarity, in which he bases the effort of presenting a forged document genuine.
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