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Taxonomy of Postal Indicia

100%
Oriekhova S.
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie
|
2020
|
vol. 2(26)
164-182
EN
Based on the study of the principles of classification and systematization of complex hierarchically subordinated objects of philately, the author proposed a taxonomy of postage stamps. Where taxonomic units are postage stamps, postal stationery, postage stamps, and franking machines, all that is directly related to the activities of the postal service and its products. The study is based on the study of the purpose of postage stamps of the world in 1840-2020 as an expression of public policy towards the development of national postal services, which play an important role in the process of state formation. Accordingly, the history of the postage stamp appears as a narrative about the visualization of the history and culture of each issuing state, a member of the Universal Postal Union. It is proved that the information capabilities of postage stamps are due to their belonging to the monetary system of the state, are political and economic documents, a source of study of economic and political history, material and spiritual culture. Comprehensive research of elements of postcards as well as envelopes allows establishing the time and place, reasons and circumstances of their creation, the history of technological operation over a while, the level of artistic culture, development of technologies and methods of manufacture. Proofs of calendar postmarks on stamps and envelopes are a source that allows to track technical and technological improvements in certain activities in the field of postal services. It is concluded that the analytical study of catalogued postage stamps is defined as a world philatelic heritage.
2

Dywidenda emocjonalna z inwestycji alternatywnych na przykładzie win francuskich

72%
Czupryna M., Oleksy P.
Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie
|
2016
|
issue 10(958)
21-32
PL
Inwestycje w aktywa emocjonalne dostarczają inwestorom korzyści zarówno finansowych, jak i niefinansowych. Są one pochodną relacji emocjonalnej inwestora do przedmiotu inwestycji i odzwierciedlają pieniężny ekwiwalent korzyści płynących z faktu jego posiadania. W artykule podjęto próbę kwantyfikacji korzyści niepieniężnych w drodze estymacji czterech rodzajów psychicznych stóp zwrotu z inwestycji w szlachetne wina z rejonu Bordeaux, Burgundii i Szampanii. Uzyskane wyniki pozwalają na pozytywną weryfikację hipotezy o niższym poziomie psychicznych stóp zwrotu z inwestycji w wina wchodzące w skład indeksu Liv-ex 50, a więc cieszące się dużym zainteresowaniem inwestorów spekulantów, w porównaniu z winami objętymi indeksem Bordeaux Legends 50, o większych walorach dla inwestorów kolekcjonerów. Niemniej w odniesieniu do pozostałych analizowanych indeksów win weryfikacja tego typu hipotezy jest negatywna. Dalsze badania wymagają opracowania nowych narzędzi obliczeniowych oraz operowania na danych zdezagregowanych.
EN
Investing in emotional assets delivers both pecuniary and non-pecuniary benefits to investors. The non-financial component is driven by investor emotions and reflects the cash equivalent of satisfaction from asset ownership. In the paper we examine the non-pecuniary benefits for investors active in the fine wine market by estimating four types of psychic returns. The results reveal lower levels of psychic returns in the case of actively traded fine wines (included in Liv-ex 50) in comparison to older wines with greater significance for investor-collectors (included in Bordeaux Legends 50). In the case of other Liv-ex indices, such regularity cannot be confirmed with available measures, which simultaneously indicates the need to develop new analytical tools and to use desegregated data to quantify emotional dividends.
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