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Czas zawarty w przestrzeni. Architektura współczesnych założeń upamiętniających

100%
Rytel G.
Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
|
2015
|
issue 4(35)
133-141
EN
Since the 1980s the concepts of spatial forms commemorating Holocaust, or to embrace it wider, the victims of the Nazi regime, have been increasingly moving away from the principle presented in the period of “memory witnesses and guardians”. For a good reason here Robert Musil’s opinion is commonly quoted; claiming the monuments which had been erected to draw a great attention, remain invisible. James E. Young – the author of the term counter‑monument referring to objects representing a new way of thinking of their messages, their roles and forms they are able to express – wrote at the beginning of the 1990s: “The further shifted in the past are the events of WWII, the more glamorous its monuments become”. Whereas several most significant commemorating monuments of a new trend gain their minimalist, nearly non‑existing form, a great majority of them are of incomparably larger scale with a wider range of means of expression. The examples selected to be analysed are contemporary Polish projects of commemorating forms in Bełżec (proj. A. Sołyga, Z. Pidyk, M. Roszczyk, DDJM), in Gross‑Rosen (proj. Nizio Design International), in Michniów (proj. Nizio Design International) and in Sobibór (proj. M. Urbanek, P. Michalewicz, Ł. Mieszkowski). In linear narrative there is an active presence of the visitors provoked; the scenery is meant to evoke threat, confusion and seclusion. Commemorating forms designed with a flourish are becoming total monuments, accused of aestheticization of death. Monuments as culture memory bearers in the meaning suggested by Aleida Assmann, have always been expressions of their founders’ intentions and their attitudes towards the past, and like in all other times, they constitute a reflection of us– the contemporary.
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Upamiętnienia partnerstw zagranicznych w krajobrazie polskich gmin. Przypadek powiatu gnieźnieńskiego

58%
Ksenicz I.
Studia Regionalne i Lokalne
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2023
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vol. 94
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issue 4
101-119
EN
The aim of the article is to depict the issue of commemorating foreign partnerships of municipalities present in the public space. The municipalities of the Gniezno district were selected as a case study. The author initially verified the following hypothesis: although foreign cooperation is an optional and secondary task of municipalities, their authorities commemorate it as a manifestation of their international ambitions. The source base was: secondary data, first-hand sources (information from town halls), as well as photographic documentation made during field trips. The identified commemorations took various forms: welcome boards at the entrance to the municipality, monuments, and the name of the square. They were established in locations important to the municipalities. In the case of one of the monuments, state diplomacy and paradiplomacy merged.
PL
Celem artykułu jest prezentacja zagadnienia upamiętnień partnerstw zagranicznych gmin obecnych w przestrzeni publicznej. Jako studium przypadku wybrano gminy powiatu gnieźnieńskiego. Autor poddał wstępnej weryfikacji następującą hipotezę: mimo że współpraca zagraniczna jest nieobowiązkowym i drugorzędnym zadaniem gmin, ich władze upamiętniają ją jako manifestację swoich ambicji międzynarodowych. Bazę źródłową stanowiły: dane zastane, wywołane dane bezpośrednie (informacje z urzędów gmin), a także dokumentacja fotograficzna wykonana podczas wyjazdów terenowych. Zidentyfikowane upamiętnienia przyjęły różne formy: tablic powitalnych na wjeździe do gminy, pomników oraz nazwy placu. Ustanowiono je w ważnych dla gmin lokalizacjach. W przypadku jednego z pomników doszło do przeniknięcia się dyplomacji państwowej i paradyplomacji.
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