Seniors constitute a more and more numerous consumer group. A wide and varied market offer can improve seniors’ lives; however, on the other hand, the lack of proper information about the goods and services interesting for them poses a threat. Generally, seniors are not always self-aware consumers who are familiar with their rights and who can make use of them. Therefore, it is of vital importance to tackle issues connected with senior consumers’ limitations regarding the area of the usage of commercial information and dishonest practices applied by entrepreneurs in contract relationships with this group. The substantive article aims to outline the basic problems which are concerned with seniors’ access to economic information, starting with natural limitations resulting from age, such as limited motor capability, orientation in the provisions which are supposed to protect the weaker party of the transaction, familiarity with the complaint procedure, and ending with various issues connected with contracts concluded in atypical circumstances — outside the business premises and remotely. Moreover, the subjects which will be tackled are information ‘overload’ and co-existing informational ‘noise’, as well as digital divide, as components which additionally deteriorate the elderly consumer’s situation in relations with a professional. Simultaneously the propositions of solutions will be presented that are to level the occurrence of these negative phenomena.
On 1 January 2025, an amendment to the Code of Medical Ethics (KEL) came into force, introducing changes to the issue of advertising and the use by doctors and dentists of information about the services they offer, including in social media. This article provides an overview of the main issues related to advertising in the context of medical and dental practice, focusing on legal and ethical aspects. The analysis concerns both the current legal status (national law and EU directives) and the changes that have occurred in selected documents of Polish medical deontology throughout history. The article also presents the results of a survey of doctors’ opinions on the amendment of the KEL in relation to the removal of the direct ban on advertising and the possibility of doctors’ statements in social media.
PL
1 stycznia 2025 r. weszła w życie nowelizacja Kodeksu etyki lekarskiej (KEL), która wprowadziła zmiany dotyczące kwestii reklamy oraz posługiwania się przez lekarzy i lekarzy dentystów informacją o oferowanych usługach, m.in. w mediach społecznościowych. W artykule dokonano przeglądu najważniejszych zagadnień związanych z problematyką reklamy w kontekście wykonywania zawodu lekarza i lekarza dentysty, skupiając się na aspektach prawnych oraz etycznych. Analiza dotyczy zarówno obecnego stanu prawnego (prawo krajowe oraz dyrektywy unijne), jak i zmian zachodzących w wybranych dokumentach polskiej deontologii lekarskiej na przestrzeni dziejów. W artykule przedstawiono ponadto wyniki badania opinii lekarzy odnośnie do nowelizacji KEL w kontekście usunięcia bezpośredniego zakazu reklamy oraz możliwości wypowiedzi lekarzy w mediach społecznościowych.
The aim of the article is to examine legal regulations in the context of answering the question whether – and if so, then under which circumstances – marketing activities performed via means of electronic communication are legal when the party conducting these activities does not have the prior and explicit consent to perform them. In particular, the article will analyze the provisions of Article 10 of the Act on provision of services by electronic means and Article 172 of the Act – telecommunication law, which are the key legislative provisions to resolve this issue. To answer the question posed in the article, the subject and object scopes of both legal norms in particular will be compared. Such a comparison is necessary to determine whether – and if so, then what kind of – marketing communication can be made without prior and explicit consent. On the other hand, the author will not discuss more broadly the issues concerning the processing of personal data, although he will draw attention to the conditions that must occur in order for the personal data held by the controller to be used for the purposes identified above.
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