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Commodities as a Tool of Risk Diversification

100%
Skapa S.
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
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2013
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vol. 8
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issue 2
65-77
EN
Investing in commodities has become a new topic for private investors in recent years. Private investors are trying to spread their investments across a much wider spectrum of investments than in the past. They are looking for new sources of return and better diversification of investment risk. In this process, they are searching beyond the traditional asset classes of equities, bonds, cash and real estate. The objective of the paper is to critically explore the possibility of investing in commodities mainly for private investors and analyses investment characteristics. The main scientific aim is to use a complex of more sophisticated and theoretically advanced statistical techniques and apply them on the findings. This paper will provide comprehensive analyses of mostly used commodity indexes of 1st generation and describe main differences between 1st and 2nd generation of commodity indexes and some examples of rollover mechanism will be critically explain. A representative of 2nd generation of commodity indexes was chosen for comprehensive data analysis to another asset class and for the testing whether commodities decreasing a risk of investment portfolio.
2

The Position of Sub-Saharan Countries in the World Economy

100%
Baumgartner B.
Studia Commercialia Bratislavensia
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2016
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vol. 9
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issue 33
5-16
EN
Most of the countries of sub-Saharan Africa belong to the most underdeveloped and poorest countries in the world economy. This region consists of forty-nine countries but at world GDP, world export, world import and inflow of foreign direct investment share only by small percent. There are some positive facts in the recent history of sub- Saharan Africa. Sub-Saharan Africa has grown faster than the world economy in the past ten years. The predictions are also positive. There is an expectation of another growth till the 2020. If the sub-Saharan countries want to keep the growth in the future they have to invest to infrastructure, in educational system, in research and science to make their economies more competitive.
3
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Commodities’ usefulness in a portfolio context – an empirical study

100%
Kurach R.
Nauki o Finansach
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2013
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issue 3 (16)
77-88
EN
By adopting the perspective of a US equity investor, in this study we empirically verify the diversification benefits resulting from investing in commodities. We make an assessment for specified commodity groups using the commodity sector indices. In the employed methodology we focus only on the risk characteristic of the analyzed portfolios. Our results indicate that the diversification potential of different commodity groups is highly cross-varying, however, at any time greater than the risk-reduction possibilities offered by Emerging Markets equities.
4
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Combining forecasts? Keep it simple

88%
Lis S., Chlebus M.
Central European Economic Journal
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2023
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vol. 10
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issue 57
343-370
EN
This study contrasts GARCH models with diverse combined forecast techniques for Commodities Value at Risk (VaR)modeling, aiming to enhance accuracy and provide novel insights. Employing daily returns data from 2000 to 2020 forgold, silver, oil, gas, and copper, various combination methods are evaluated using the Model Confidence Set (MCS) procedure. Results show individual models excel in forecasting VaR at a 0.975 confidence level, while combined methods outperform at 0.99 confidence. Especially during high uncertainty, as during COVID-19, combined forecasts prove more effective. Surprisingly, simple methods such as mean or lowest VaR yield optimal results, highlighting their efficacy. This study contributes by offering a broad comparison of forecasting methods, covering a substantial period, and dissecting crisis and prosperity phases. This advances understanding in financial forecasting, benefiting both academia and practitioners.
5

Commodity price changes after 2000 and their effects on the economies of commodity-exporting African countries

88%
Michałowski T.
International Business and Global Economy
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2015
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vol. Volume 34
50–66
EN
After 2000, unprecedented rises in commodity prices were recorded. Despite sharp declines in the second half of 2008, from the beginning of 2001 to mid-2011 prices of primary commodities more than tripled in value against the USD. The aim of the paper is to analyse the effects of commodity price changes after 2000 on the value of Africa’s exports and economic growth of commodityexporting African countries. Section 1 analyses the significance of primary commodities in African countries. Section 2 presents commodity price developments after 2000. Section 3 analyses relations between commodity price changes and changes in the value of Africa’s exports and economic growth of commodity-exporting African countries. The author uses mainly descriptive statistics as a method of analysis. The results of the analyses suggest that there is a strong shortterm relationship between commodity price changes and the value of Africa’s exports as well as between changes in commodity prices and changes in GDP in commodity-exporting African countries.
6
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(Un)Obtainable Luxury and Performance: The Semiotics of Michael Jordan’s 1996 V12 Mercedes S600 Lorinser

63%
Jacheć T.
Acta Neophilologica
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2022
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vol. 2
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issue XXIV
137-150
EN
On August 23rd, 2020 a model of 1996 V12 Mercedes S600 Lorinser was sold at an eBay auction. While the asking price for this particular model, in 2021, is approximately between $4,500 and $11,000, this particular car was sold for a hefty sum of $202,200. What makes this Mercedes car unique and pricey is the fact that it used to belong to a basketball’s great, Michael Jordan. The fact that the auction in question was finalized in the midst of global, Coronavirus pandemic, and following the release of The Last Dance documentary on Jordan’s career, factors into the interpretation of the semiotics of the automobile itself. The aim of this paper is to analyze: the semiotics meanings attached to Michael Jordan as a persona and a brand/sign; the semiotics meanings attached to Mercedes brand and cars; and, ultimately, shifting semiotic meanings of Jordan’s 1996 V12 Mercedes S600 Lorinser in the context of time and the selling price, with nostalgia as a factor. 
7
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Ciało jako nowe medium społeczne w performatyce litewskiej: jak dyskurs wchodzi w materię?

38%
Nikiforowa B., Sapoka K.
Kultura i Wartości
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2017
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issue 22
DE
Der Artikel beschäftigt sich mit dem Begriff des neuen Materialismus und erforscht die Frage, wie der neue Materialismus visuelle Künste auf eine innovative Art wahrnimmt: durch die Verbindung von künstlerischer Praxis, der Kunst als Forschung und der philosophischen Analyse. Ausgewählte künstlerische Arbeiten von S & P Stanikas und Evaldas Jansas werden unter Anwendung der Methoden des neuen Materialismus als Rekonzeptualisierung des Körpers in der litauischen Kunst interpretiert. Untersucht wird der geopolitische und antiideologische Hintergrund, vor dem die visuellen Künstler in Litauen und Polen von 1960er bis zu 1990er Jahren gegen kulturelle Dichotomien kämpften: männliche und weibliche Körper, traditionelle oder gegenwärtige Kunst, Künstler als freies Individuum oder an Ideologie gebunden. Unter Verwendung des Terminus "affirmativ" von Rosi Braidotti wird im Artikel die Frage gestellt, ob man anhand der analysierten Fälle argumentieren kann, dass "affirmative Politik auf der Suche nach alternativen Visionen und Projekten Kritik mit Kreativität verbindet". 
EN
This article deals with the concept of new materialism and examines the issue of how new materialism tackles visual art in innovative ways – though the intersections of artistic practice, art-as-research, and philosophical analysis. Selected artworks by S & P Stanikas and Evaldas Jansas are analyzed in this paper as body reconceptualization in Lithuanian art, employing the approach of new materialism. We will explore the geopolitical and ideological background, in which Lithuanian and Polish visual artists grapple with cultural binaries from the 1960s to the 1990s: male-female gendered bodies, traditional or contemporary art, and the artist as free individual or the one tied to ideology. Employing Rossi Braidotti’s term “affirmative”, this article poses a question whether it is possible to argue on the analyzed cases that “affirmative politics combines critique with creativity in the pursuit of alternative visions and projects”.
PL
Artykuł zajmuje się pojęciem nowego materializmu i bada kwestie, jak nowy materializm dostrzega sztuki wizualne w sposób nowatorski – poprzez skrzyżowanie praktyki artystycznej, sztuki-jako-badań i analizy filozoficznej. Wybrane prace artystyczne autorstwa S & P Stanikas i Evaldasa Jansasa zostają zinterpretowane w referacie jako rekonceptualizacja ciała w sztuce litewskiej, posługując się metodami nowego materializmu. Eksplorujemy tło geopolityczne, antyideologiczne, w którym artyści wizualni litewscy i polscy zmagają się z binaryzmami kulturowymi od lat 1960. do 1990: męskie-kobiece ciała, sztuka tradycyjna czy współczesna, artysta jako wolna jednostka czy przywiązana do ideologii. Posługując się terminem Rosi Braidotti „afirmatywny”, w artykule stawia się pytanie, czy można argumentować na  podstawie analizowanych przypadków, że „afirmatywna polityka łączy krytykę z kreatywnością w poszukiwaniu alternatywnych wizji i projektów”.
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