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EN
In the proposed draft position the author points to the incompatibility with Article 45 para. 1 of the Constitution of Article 75 § 4 of the Act – Law on Common Courts System, in so far as it denies the right of appeal to the court against the decision of the Minister of Justice rejecting the request from a judge to be moved to a different place of office. The decision of the Minister, based on his/her own discretion, should be subject to judicial review, as it is taken neither within the scope of administrative supervision over the courts, nor even by means of official superiority, but rather relates to the systemic position of a judge determined by his/her rights and obligations. In the opinion of the author, Article 75 § 1 of the above Act, in so far as it does not specify the conditions for move to another post, is in conformity with Article 47, Article 52 para. 1, Article 65 para. 1 in conjunction with Article 31 para. 3 of the Constitution. This provision contains a mechanism that properly balances the public interest and private interest. On the one hand, it allows the change of place of adjudication established in the appointment document, providing an exception to the principle of stabilization of the office of judge. On the other hand, it guarantees an efficient and fair administration of justice.
EN
The opinion presents Sejm’s draft position in the proceedings before the Constitutional Tribunal concerning constitutionality of the procedure for the creation of common and military courts (Ref. No. K 27/12). A group of Deputies and the National Council of the Judiciary, initiating the proceedings, challenged the transfer to create and dissolve common and military courts to – respectively – the Minister of Justice and Minister of National Defence. In the Sejm’s view, the procedure for creation common courts does not infringe constitutional standards, but the provision authorising the creation of military courts does not comply with the Constitution due to the lack of necessary guidelines.
EN
The author claims that specific legal instruments in the so‑called external administrative supervision over the activities of the courts, which – according to the above‑mentioned bill – are to be granted to the Minister of Justice, do not enter into the realm of judicial independence, nor do they relate to the substance of the hearing of cases. Therefore, they are consistent with the constitutionally enshrined principle of judicial independence and the principle of division and balance between the legislative, executive and judicial powers.
EN
The opinion relates to the compliance of a Deputy’s bill with the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. The author, following the presentation of the essence of the modifications proposed in the bill, argues that they cause significant extension of the powers of the Minister of Justice. This situation cannot be confused with the inconsistency of the proposed changes with the Constitution. Quoting the relevant judgment of the Constitutional Tribunal, the author shows that the administrative operations of the courts may be subject to external supervision by the Minister of Justice and, therefore, the purpose of the bill aimed to maintain administrative supervision over the activities of the courts and the granting of new powers to the minister cannot be questioned. The modifications proposed in the bill should be considered to be in conformity with the Constitution.
EN
The author gives an evaluation of the proposals to supplement the Act – Law on Common Courts System with the provisions on family diagnostic and consultation centres. Currently, their functioning is based on the Act on Juvenile Delinquency Proceedings, which fact is criticized by the author who claims that the centers, due to their tasks and the nature of and the proposed legislation, should be governed by the Act – Law on Common Courts System. In his opinion, the proposed bill does not eliminate all previous doubts concerning the use of evidence supplied by the centre in civil proceedings and, in this regard, needs to be completed. He also discusses some doubts about the wording and the arrangement of the proposed legislation.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wybrane przykłady rozwiązań normatywnych w zakresie identyfikacji barier i szans rozwoju konkurencyjności i innowacyjności. Prezentacja rozwiązań normatywnych została przedstawiona z uwzględnieniem skutków materialnoprawnych i procesowych. Analiza wybranych rozwiązań normatywnych wykazała istnienie związku między otoczeniem prawnym, w którym działa podmiot gospodarczy a innymi kategoriami środowiska biznesowego, tj. otoczeniem finansowym, ekonomicznym, etycznym, psychologicznym. W artkule opisano także alternatywne metody rozstrzygania sporów stanowiąc o konieczności edukacji prawnej.
EN
In the article, the author presented some examples of normative solutions as regards identification of barriers and opportunities for development of competitiveness and innovativeness. The presentation of normative solutions was made taking into account substantive and procedural effects. An analysis of the selected normative solutions indicated the existence of the relationship between the legal environment, in which a business entity operates, and other categories of the business environment, i.e. the financial, economic, ethical, and psychological environment. In her article, the author also described alternative methods of dispute resolution indicating the need for legal education.
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